Approaches

Question 1

Name all precision appraoches

Answer 1

• ILS (Instrument Landing System)
• PAR (Precision Approach Radar)

Question 2

Name all APVs (Approaches with Vertical Guidance - technically not precision approaches)

Answer 2

• LDA w/GS (Localizer type Directional Aid With Glide Slope)
• LPV (Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance)
• LNAV/VNAV (Lateral NAVigation with Vertical NAVigation
• BARO-VNAV (RNAV with Barometric imput for vertical guidance)

Question 3

Name all non-precision approaches

Answer 3

• VOR (Vertical Omnidirectional Radio)
• VOR-“A” (Letter indicates approach is offset from the runway)
• LOC (LOCalizer)
• LDA (Localizer type Directional Aid)
• LP (Localizer Performance RNAV)
• SDF (Simplified Directional Facility)
• NDB (Non-Directional Beacon)
• LNAV (Lateral guidance RNAV)
• LNAV+V (Lateral Guidance RNAV with recommended Vertical guidance)
• ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)

Question 4

What are the components of an ILS?

Answer 4

• Lateral guidance from two radio signals (located at the end of the runway, 3-6 degree signal width)
• Vertical guidance from two radio signals (located by the thousand foot markers, 1.4 degree signal height and a glide slope of 3 degrees)
• Outer Marker (4-7NM from threshold, transmits “- - - -“ and displays a blue light)
• Middle Marker (3,000’-6,000’ from threshold, transmits “- . - . - . - . “ and displays an amber light)
• Inner Marker (used for CAT II and CAT III ILS approaches, located near the DH (Decision Height), transmits “. . . .” and displays a white light)
• ALS (Approach Lighting System of various types)

Question 5

What frequency range do Localizers and ILSs use?

Answer 5

108.1 MHz - 111.95 MHz

Question 6

What frequency range does a VOR use?

Answer 6

108.1 MHz - 117.95 MHz

Question 7

What frequency range do the communication radios use?

Answer 7

118.0 MHz - 137.0 MHz

Question 8

What is a VDP?

Answer 8

Visual Decent Point - Displayed for some non-precision approaches on the profile view of the approach plate. It marks the recommended decent point if the airport environment is in sight.

Question 9

What types of approaches only require a communication radio?

Answer 9

• PAR (Precision Approach Radar)
• ASR (Airport Surveillance Radar)

Question 10

What are the holding pattern airspeed limits?

Answer 10

Above 14,000’+ - 265kts

6,000’ - 14,000’ - 230kts

Below 6,000’ - 200kts

Question 11

What acronym would help in a loss of communications emergency?

Answer 11

A.V.E.-F. and M.E.A.

​Heading (inorder of priority):

• Assigned by ATC
• Vector given by ATC
• Expected by ATC
• As Filed

Altitude (inorder of priority):

• Assigned by ATC
• M.E.A. for your position
• Expected by ATC

Question 12

What is A.S.R.S.?

Answer 12

• Aviation
• Safety
• Reporting
• System

Setup by NASA, A.S.R.S. is how a pilot may self-report any violation that is unintentional and non-criminal within 10 days. By self reporting the pilot is demonstrating good intention and providing NASA and the FAA data on what violations are taking place. That data can then be used to identify common issues and hopefully improve the airspace system. If a pilot is reported as being in violation and has self reported the FAA almost always gives leniancy inorder to encourage use of the system.

Question 13

How do you convert FPNM (Feet Per Nautical Mile) into FPM (Feet Per Minute)?

(Most departure routes require a specific FPNM climb or better in order to safely use that departure)

Answer 13

(Ground Speed/60) x Feet Per Nautical Mile = Feet Per Minute

Example: You intend to climb out at 75kts (ground speed) and the departure requires you maintain 400 FPNM.

(75kts GS/60) x 400 FPNM = ? FPM

1.25 x 450 = 562.5 FPM

You will need to maintain a 560 FPM climb or better at 75kts GS in order to fly that departure route.