Approaches

Question 1

Introspection

Answer 1

The systematic analysis of your conscious experience of a stimulus

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt’s study

Answer 2

Trained psychology students to make observations about their experience when exposed to certain stimuli.
He divided observations into three categories: thoughts, images and sensations. This is introspection

Question 3

Evaluation of wundts introspection

Answer 3

+ one strength is that is paved the way for modern society. First attempt to use controlled research to study internal mental processes. Gave all participants the same standardised instructions to minimise influence of the extraneous variables.
- a limitation is that I was unscientific. Wundt relied on partcipants reporting their own mental processes. This is considered subjective. Introspection relies on the participants ability to articulate themselves. This may lead to inaccurate results

Question 4

Emergence of psychology as a science

Answer 4

A science developing knowledge through systematic and objective study in order to develop general laws.
Three different categories contributed to the emergence of psychology as a science: behaviourist, cognitive, biological

Question 5

Emergence of psychology as a science evaluation

Answer 5

+ one strength of the modern psychology is that it uses more scientific methods. All of the approaches utilise methods that investigate theories in a controlled and objective way

Question 6

classical conditioning

Answer 6

Learning through association.
Pavlov’s Dogs
he noticed dogs salivate before being presented with food. He realised the dogs salivated in response to things they associated with food. He rang a bell before feeding the dogs. eventually the dogs associated the bell with food and began to salivate in response to just the bell
UCS —> UCR
UCS + NS —-> UCR
CS —> CR