Approaches Flashcards
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt.
What is introspection?
the process of gaining knowledge about their mental state.
What is an issue with introspection?
not particullarly accurate as we have very little knowledge of how and why we process things the way we do and that everyone is different (AO3)
What is a positive about introspection?
it is still useful in scientific psychology, despite not being favoured.
Why were Wundts methods unreliable?
it is because they relied on nonobservable responses and as he relied on the participant to report on their experiences they could lie which effects the results he would get
What is empiricism?
the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory, generally characterrised with scientific aspect of psychology
What does behavourist mean?
people who believe that humans can be explained with coniditioing instead of thoughts and feelings.
What is classical conditioning?
when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and this is continued till the neutral stimulus creates a conditioned response
What is operant conditioning?
learning through reinforcement or punishment, if a behaviour is followed by a desirable consequent action is more likely to be repeated.
What is reinforcement?
anything that strengthens a response and increases the likelihood that it will occur again
What is positive reinforcement?
when a desired behaviour occurs and the organism is rewarded by being given something
What is negative reinforcement?
when a desired behaviour occurs which leads to having something unwanted taken away.
What experiment did Pavlov do?
Pavlov did an experiemtn on dogs where he would get the dog to associate a bell ringing with being fed which would lead to the dog to salivate, then when the dog was conditoned if he rang the bell the dog would salivate on this command without food being present.
What exepriment did FP Skinner do?
He created the Skinner Box. which would have a rat press a button and it would either be shocked or fed food, and also changed number of times it had to be pressed to be fed or zapped to see how long it towuld take for the rat to stop pressing the button.
What is positive punishment?
when the organism is goven something like a rat being shocked or a student being given a phone call home.
