Approach To Pediatric Immunizations

Question 1

Vaccine

Answer 1

A product that stimulates a persons immune system to produce immunity to specific disease
-initiates the immunization process

Question 2

Vaccination

Answer 2

The process of getting a vaccine into the body

-needle or nose

Question 3

Immunity

Answer 3

When a person is protected from getting a disease (by humoral or cellular) by virtue of receiving vaccine or previously having disease

Question 4

Immunization

Answer 4

Process by which a person is made immune to disease through vaccine or having disease

Question 5

Individual Immunity

Answer 5

Provides long term, sometimes lifelong protection against disease
-vaccines developed for diseases that can kill or impair

Question 6

Herd Immunity

Answer 6

The concept that protection if provided to everyone in a community with high vaccination rates
-people who cannot receive vaccine still protected due to vaccinated people around them

Question 7

When community vaccination rates drops below threshold of herd immunity.. what happens?

Answer 7

Widespread disease outbreaks can occur

Question 8

Who receives the most concentrated series of vaccines?

Answer 8

First two years of life

-critical due to being most vulnerable

Question 9

Active Immunization

Answer 9

Ag administered to induce formation of Abs and cell mediated immunity
-uses inactivated or killed materials

Requires more time!

Question 10

What is the most desirable form of immunization?

Answer 10

Active

• complete prevention of disease
• prevents carrier state of diseases
• prolong immunity
• absence of toxicity

Question 11

Passive Immunization

Answer 11

Transfer of immunity to a host using preformed immunological products
-Immunoglobulins or products of cellular immune system

Animal or Human Immunoglobulins
-FAST but only lasts short time (~23 days)

Question 12

When is passive immunization useful?

Answer 12

Useful for:

• if individuals unable to form Abs
• prevention of disease post-exposure
• treatment of diseases usually prevented by immunization

Question 13

Vaccines with Sub-Unit Antigens

Answer 13

Include “parts” that best stimulate immune responses

Question 14

Conjugated vaccines

Answer 14

Pathogens surrounded by polysaccharide capsule and are immunogenic
-when conjugated to carrier proteins, the immune response is strengthened
—drive T cell response

Question 15

Live Attenuated Vaccines

Answer 15

Stronger mucosal immunity

-version of microbe that is weakened

Question 16

When do you not want to give a live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 16

If immunocompromised and do not give if they have received blood products in past (up to 11 months)

Question 17

Inactivated/Killed Vaccine

Answer 17

Organism is killed, but immunogenicity is retained

Question 18

Inactive Toxins (toxoids)

Answer 18

When disease is caused by toxin produced by bacteria, not bacteria itself
-toxin can be inactivated, but bacteria remains immunogenic

Question 19

Examples of Conjugate Vaccines

Answer 19

Meningococcal
Pneumococcal
Haemophilus Influenza B
HepB
Influenza
HPV

Question 20

Examples of Inactivated/Killed Vaccines

Answer 20

HepA
Polio
Rabies

Question 21

Examples of Live, attenuated vaccines

Answer 21

MMR
Varicella
Rotavirus
Influenza (nasal spray)
Zoster

Question 22

Toxoid Vaccines

Answer 22

Tetanus

Diphtheria

Question 23

Define endemic

Answer 23

A disease occurring at a predictable and consistent rate in the population