Approach To Health And Maintenance Counseling Flashcards
What is gold standard for studies?
Systematic reviews is best, followed by RCTs.
Primary Prevention
Intervention to prevent disease
- vaccine
- diet counseling, tobacco counseling
Secondary prevention
Screening tests for a disease early, while pt is asymptomatic
- blood pressure checks
- labs
- mammogram
Tertiary prevention
Clinical intervention when pt already has a disease
- medication for HTN
- Chemo
- Diet and counseling can help here
What interventions got a screening recommendation of A?
Cervical Cancer
-PAP smear 21-65
Colorectal Screening from 50-75
HIV Screening from 15-65
HIV PrEP (for high risk)
High blood pressure
Syphilis Screening for asymptomatic, nonpregnant
Tobacco smoking cessation
What is clinical rule of thumb for checkups?
Every 3 years for <49yo adults w/o chronic health problems
Every year for >50yo pts w/o chronic health problems
Pts w diabetes need A1C monitoring how often?
Usually every three months
Pts w HTN should have a screening how often?
Follow up every 3-6 months depending of BP control
When to screen for colon cancer (for both men and women)?
Colonoscopy between 50-75yo
When to do lung cancer screen for both genders?
Low does lung CT for ages 55-74 w/ at least 30 year pack history
Cervical pap screen recommendation?
21-65 yo
Breast Cancer Screening?
50-65, but can recommend as early as 40 depending on case
Pts aged > 20 YO should undergo CV risk assessment how often?
Every 3-5 years
-more often if have risk factors
Influenza recommendation
Every year
To/Tdap is recommended how often?
Every 10 years
HPV is recommended when?
Up to 26 yo
Zoster vaccine is recommended for who?
50 and older
Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for who?
19-64 who are at high risk, but everyone 65 years and older
HepB vaccine is recommended for who?
Everyone at risk, but 65 and older w diabetes
Motivational Counseling Tips (OARS)
Open ended questions w encouragement
Affirmation that foster positive feeling
Reflections that tell pt clinician heard them
Summaries that extend basic reflections to include sense of momentum
Does smoking cessation go hand in hand with number of exposures of clinician trying to get them to quit?
Yes, increase as number of “doses” increases
-also see increase if medication is used to help quit
