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ECOS 2 Post-Midterm > Approach to Lower Respiratory Complaint > Flashcards

Approach to Lower Respiratory Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

What rib connects to the sternal angle?

A

Rib 2

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2
Q

Where does the neurovascular bundle run in between ribs?

A

Along the INFERIOR margin of each rib

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3
Q

Where should chest tubes and needles be placed between ribs?

A

Along the SUPERIOR margin of each rib

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4
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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5
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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6
Q

What is important to get from the patient’s history?

A

Events leading up to the breathing complaint

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7
Q

Recent trauma may suggest?

A

Pneumothorax

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8
Q

Recent surgery may suggest?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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9
Q

A productive cough with fever suggests?

A

Pulmonary infection

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10
Q

What is the order of events to the respiratory physical exam?

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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11
Q

What is the order of events to the respiratory physical exam?

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

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12
Q

What are things to look at during inspection?

A

Breathing rate, rhythm, depth, effort, accessory muscle
Skin color, cyanosis, finger clubbing
Chest wall appearance

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13
Q

What defines tachypnea?

A

R > 25/min

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14
Q

Describe Cheyne - Stokes Breathing

A

Fast breathing, then slow breathing, then a period of no breathing!

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15
Q

With what conditions is Cheyne-Stokes breathing often seen?

A

Heart failure

Hypoperfusion of the brain

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16
Q

Describe Kussmaul Breathing

A

Rapid and DEEP breathing

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17
Q

With what condition is Kussmaul Breathing often seen?

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

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18
Q

Primary muscle use for breathing?

A

Diaphragm

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19
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Pus that collects in pleural space

20
Q

Empyema

A

Abscess in lung parenchyma

21
Q

An empyema (abscess in lung parenchyma) requires drainage. If the fluid collects in the pleural space, what is that called?

A

Pleural effusion

22
Q

List the normal breath sounds (4)

A

Vesicular
Bronchovesicular
Bronchial
Tracheal

23
Q

Normal breath sounds differ by?

A

Location

24
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low pitched wheezes

25
Q

Absent or Decreased breath sounds unilaterally suggests?

A

Pneumothorax or fluid filled lung

26
Q

Absent or Decreased breath sounds bilaterally suggests?

A

COPD or asthma

27
Q

Stridor

A

Narrowing of airway or foreign body

28
Q

When is stridor usually heard?

A

Inspiration

29
Q

Wheezing

A

Continuous; due to rapid airflow through narrowed airway

30
Q

When is wheezing usually heard?

A

Expiration

31
Q

With what conditions is wheezing common?

A

Asthma

COPD

32
Q

Crackles

A

Airways “popping open” during inspiration

33
Q

When are crackles usually heard?

A

Inspiration

34
Q

With what conditions are crackles common?

A

Pneumonia, CHF, atelectasis

35
Q

Atelectasis

A

Loss of lung volume due to collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

36
Q

In patients with a cough and shortness of breath, what measurement should you get?

A

Pulse oximetry!

37
Q

What does pulse oximetry measure?

A

Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation

38
Q

Known as the 5th vital sign

A

Pulse Oximetry

39
Q

List some causes of a bad pulse oximetry wave form

A

Improper placement
Hypoperfusion
Hypothermia
Motion artifact

40
Q

Which is better, no information or misinformation?

A

NO information

41
Q

What is End tidal CO2?

A

Concentration of CO2 in exhaled air

42
Q

PETCO2

A

End tidal CO2

43
Q

What measures ventilation?

A

End tidal CO2 (PETCO2)

44
Q

What does end tidal CO2 correlate with?

A

PaCO2

45
Q

Normal value for PETCO2 and PaCO2

A

PETCO2 - 35-40 mmHg

PaCO2 - 35-45 mmHg

ECOS 2 Post-Midterm (6 decks)

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