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ECOS 2 Post-Midterm > Approach to ENT Complaint > Flashcards

Approach to ENT Complaint Flashcards

1
Q

When do the frontal sinuses develop?

A

Ages 8-10

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2
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses?

A

At the eyebrow level

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3
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses?

A

On each side of the nose at the cheek bones

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4
Q

What part of the nose do you press on to test for nasal obstruction?

A

Ala Nasi

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5
Q

If there is tenderness with pressure on the tip of the nose, what could that indicate?

A

Local infection - furuncle

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6
Q

What is exudate?

A

White patches usually on the tonsils

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7
Q

How should the tympanic membrane look?

A

Translucent

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8
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

Inflammation in the nose caused by an allergen

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9
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose - clear discharge

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10
Q

Anterior epistaxis

A

Anterior nosebleed - most common

- Affects kiesselbach’s plexus

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11
Q

Posterior epistaxis

A

Posterior nosebleed - more severe

- Affects posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery

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12
Q

Tonsilitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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13
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by?

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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14
Q

Triad of symptoms for Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Sore throat with inflammation of pharynx

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16
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlarged lymph nodes

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17
Q

Viral pharyngitis symptoms

A

Hoarseness, low fever, fatigue, conjunctivitis

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18
Q

What causes Streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

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19
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A 
Sore throat
Headache
Fever and fatigue
Tonsillar EXUDATE
NO COUGH
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20
Q

What ages are at the highest likely hood for Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A

5-15

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21
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of middle ear due to bacteria or virus

- Red and bulging

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22
Q

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

A

Acute Otitis Media with PURULENT material (milky fluid)

23
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Inflammation and SEROUS fluid buildup but NO INFECTION

24
Q

When may Otitis Media with Effusion present?

A

After an ear infection has resolved

Blockage of Eustachian tubes

25
Q

How long is chronic?

A

More than 6 weeks

26
Q

Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Fluid remains in the middle ear

27
Q

If chronic otitis media with effusion persists, what is more likely to happen?

A

More ear infections and hearing problems

28
Q

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and what it results in?

A

Persistent ear infection that results in TEARING OF EARDRUM

29
Q

What can cause Otitis Externa?

A

Bacteria enters break in skin of ear canal

30
Q

Symptoms of Otitis Externa?

A

Drainage from ear and pain with touching of ear

31
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone

32
Q

Progressive hearing loss from ages 10-30 and more common in females than males?

A

Otosclerosis

33
Q

Weber test

A

Tuning fork on top of head and should be heard equally in both ears

34
Q

If weber test lateralizes to affected ear?

A

Conductive loss of that ear

35
Q

If weber test lateralizes to opposite of affected ear?

A

Sensorineural loss of opposite ear

36
Q

Rinne test

A

Tuning fork on mastoid process, wait until they cannot hear it anymore and then move it to their external ear and see how long they can hear it

37
Q

Normal Rinne test results

A

Air conduction&raquo_space; Bone conduction

38
Q

Abnormal Rinne test results suggest?

A

Conductive hearing loss

Bone conduction > Air conduction

39
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflamed mucosal lining of nasal cavity

40
Q

Symptoms of Sinusitis?

A

Congestion, cough, sneeze, fever, facial pain, headache

41
Q

If Sinusitis symptoms persist for more than 10 days and with purulent rhinorrhea?

A

Bacterial sinusitis

42
Q

Croup

A

Inflammation of larynx in children with a barking cough

43
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of epiglottis

44
Q

Symptoms of Epiglottitis

A

Rapid onset: Sore throat, muffled voice, drooling, leaning forward

45
Q

What should you do if Epiglottitis is suspected?

A

PROTECT AIRWAY - intubate if necessary

46
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction

A

Tube is inflamed and fluid accumulates

- may cause vertigo

47
Q

Vertigo

A

Dizziness

48
Q

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

A

Dizziness by changing head position

49
Q

How do you diagnose BPPV?

A

Dix Hallpike

50
Q

Describe the Dix Hallpike Maneuver

A

Patient seated - rotate head 60 degrees and extend 20 degrees
– Quickly lay the patient down on their back with head in same position
(+) = nystagmus == BPPV

51
Q

What is the treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?

A

Epley Maneuver

52
Q

Vestibular Neuritis

A

Inflammation of nerve - dizziness but NO loss of hearing

53
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of both nerves - dizziness AND loss of hearing/hearing changes

54
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

Episodes of dizziness, fluctuating hearing loss

ECOS 2 Post-Midterm (6 decks)

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