Approach to ENT Complaint

Question 1

When do the frontal sinuses develop?

Answer 1

Ages 8-10

Question 2

Where are the frontal sinuses?

Answer 2

At the eyebrow level

Question 3

Where are the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 3

On each side of the nose at the cheek bones

Question 4

What part of the nose do you press on to test for nasal obstruction?

Answer 4

Ala Nasi

Question 5

If there is tenderness with pressure on the tip of the nose, what could that indicate?

Answer 5

Local infection - furuncle

Question 6

What is exudate?

Answer 6

White patches usually on the tonsils

Question 7

How should the tympanic membrane look?

Answer 7

Translucent

Question 8

Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 8

Inflammation in the nose caused by an allergen

Question 9

Rhinorrhea

Answer 9

Runny nose - clear discharge

Question 10

Anterior epistaxis

Answer 10

Anterior nosebleed - most common

- Affects kiesselbach’s plexus

Question 11

Posterior epistaxis

Answer 11

Posterior nosebleed - more severe

- Affects posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery

Question 12

Tonsilitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the tonsils

Question 13

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by?

Answer 13

Epstein Barr Virus

Question 14

Triad of symptoms for Infectious Mononucleosis?

Answer 14

Fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy

Question 15

Pharyngitis

Answer 15

Sore throat with inflammation of pharynx

Question 16

Lymphadenopathy

Answer 16

Enlarged lymph nodes

Question 17

Viral pharyngitis symptoms

Answer 17

Hoarseness, low fever, fatigue, conjunctivitis

Question 18

What causes Streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 18

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

Question 19

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

Answer 19

Sore throat
Headache
Fever and fatigue
Tonsillar EXUDATE
NO COUGH

Question 20

What ages are at the highest likely hood for Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

Answer 20

5-15

Question 21

Acute Otitis Media

Answer 21

Inflammation of middle ear due to bacteria or virus

- Red and bulging

Question 22

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

Answer 22

Acute Otitis Media with PURULENT material (milky fluid)

Question 23

Otitis Media with Effusion

Answer 23

Inflammation and SEROUS fluid buildup but NO INFECTION

Question 24

When may Otitis Media with Effusion present?

Answer 24

After an ear infection has resolved

Blockage of Eustachian tubes

Question 25

How long is chronic?

Answer 25

More than 6 weeks

Question 26

Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion

Answer 26

Fluid remains in the middle ear

Question 27

If chronic otitis media with effusion persists, what is more likely to happen?

Answer 27

More ear infections and hearing problems

Question 28

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and what it results in?

Answer 28

Persistent ear infection that results in TEARING OF EARDRUM

Question 29

What can cause Otitis Externa?

Answer 29

Bacteria enters break in skin of ear canal

Question 30

Symptoms of Otitis Externa?

Answer 30

Drainage from ear and pain with touching of ear

Question 31

Otosclerosis

Answer 31

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone

Question 32

Progressive hearing loss from ages 10-30 and more common in females than males?

Answer 32

Otosclerosis

Question 33

Weber test

Answer 33

Tuning fork on top of head and should be heard equally in both ears

Question 34

If weber test lateralizes to affected ear?

Answer 34

Conductive loss of that ear

Question 35

If weber test lateralizes to opposite of affected ear?

Answer 35

Sensorineural loss of opposite ear

Question 36

Rinne test

Answer 36

Tuning fork on mastoid process, wait until they cannot hear it anymore and then move it to their external ear and see how long they can hear it

Question 37

Normal Rinne test results

Answer 37

Air conduction >> Bone conduction

Question 38

Abnormal Rinne test results suggest?

Answer 38

Conductive hearing loss | Bone conduction > Air conduction

Question 39

Sinusitis

Answer 39

Inflamed mucosal lining of nasal cavity

Question 40

Symptoms of Sinusitis?

Answer 40

Congestion, cough, sneeze, fever, facial pain, headache

Question 41

If Sinusitis symptoms persist for more than 10 days and with purulent rhinorrhea?

Answer 41

Bacterial sinusitis

Question 42

Croup

Answer 42

Inflammation of larynx in children with a barking cough

Question 43

Epiglottitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of epiglottis

Question 44

Symptoms of Epiglottitis

Answer 44

Rapid onset: Sore throat, muffled voice, drooling, leaning forward

Question 45

What should you do if Epiglottitis is suspected?

Answer 45

PROTECT AIRWAY - intubate if necessary

Question 46

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Answer 46

Tube is inflamed and fluid accumulates | - may cause vertigo

Question 47

Vertigo

Answer 47

Dizziness

Question 48

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

Answer 48

Dizziness by changing head position

Question 49

How do you diagnose BPPV?

Answer 49

Dix Hallpike

Question 50

Describe the Dix Hallpike Maneuver

Answer 50

Patient seated - rotate head 60 degrees and extend 20 degrees -- Quickly lay the patient down on their back with head in same position (+) = nystagmus == BPPV

Question 51

What is the treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?

Answer 51

Epley Maneuver

Question 52

Vestibular Neuritis

Answer 52

Inflammation of nerve - dizziness but NO loss of hearing

Question 53

Labyrinthitis

Answer 53

Inflammation of both nerves - dizziness AND loss of hearing/hearing changes

Question 54

Meniere's Disease

Answer 54

Episodes of dizziness, fluctuating hearing loss