Approach to ENT Complaint Flashcards

(54 cards)

1
Q

When do the frontal sinuses develop?

A

Ages 8-10

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2
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses?

A

At the eyebrow level

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3
Q

Where are the maxillary sinuses?

A

On each side of the nose at the cheek bones

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4
Q

What part of the nose do you press on to test for nasal obstruction?

A

Ala Nasi

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5
Q

If there is tenderness with pressure on the tip of the nose, what could that indicate?

A

Local infection - furuncle

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6
Q

What is exudate?

A

White patches usually on the tonsils

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7
Q

How should the tympanic membrane look?

A

Translucent

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8
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A

Inflammation in the nose caused by an allergen

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9
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose - clear discharge

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10
Q

Anterior epistaxis

A

Anterior nosebleed - most common

- Affects kiesselbach’s plexus

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11
Q

Posterior epistaxis

A

Posterior nosebleed - more severe

- Affects posterolateral branches of sphenopalatine artery

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12
Q

Tonsilitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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13
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by?

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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14
Q

Triad of symptoms for Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Sore throat with inflammation of pharynx

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16
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Enlarged lymph nodes

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17
Q

Viral pharyngitis symptoms

A

Hoarseness, low fever, fatigue, conjunctivitis

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18
Q

What causes Streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus

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19
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A
Sore throat
Headache
Fever and fatigue
Tonsillar EXUDATE
NO COUGH
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20
Q

What ages are at the highest likely hood for Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A

5-15

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21
Q

Acute Otitis Media

A

Inflammation of middle ear due to bacteria or virus

- Red and bulging

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22
Q

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

A

Acute Otitis Media with PURULENT material (milky fluid)

23
Q

Otitis Media with Effusion

A

Inflammation and SEROUS fluid buildup but NO INFECTION

24
Q

When may Otitis Media with Effusion present?

A

After an ear infection has resolved

Blockage of Eustachian tubes

25
How long is chronic?
More than 6 weeks
26
Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
Fluid remains in the middle ear
27
If chronic otitis media with effusion persists, what is more likely to happen?
More ear infections and hearing problems
28
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and what it results in?
Persistent ear infection that results in TEARING OF EARDRUM
29
What can cause Otitis Externa?
Bacteria enters break in skin of ear canal
30
Symptoms of Otitis Externa?
Drainage from ear and pain with touching of ear
31
Otosclerosis
Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone
32
Progressive hearing loss from ages 10-30 and more common in females than males?
Otosclerosis
33
Weber test
Tuning fork on top of head and should be heard equally in both ears
34
If weber test lateralizes to affected ear?
Conductive loss of that ear
35
If weber test lateralizes to opposite of affected ear?
Sensorineural loss of opposite ear
36
Rinne test
Tuning fork on mastoid process, wait until they cannot hear it anymore and then move it to their external ear and see how long they can hear it
37
Normal Rinne test results
Air conduction >> Bone conduction
38
Abnormal Rinne test results suggest?
Conductive hearing loss | Bone conduction > Air conduction
39
Sinusitis
Inflamed mucosal lining of nasal cavity
40
Symptoms of Sinusitis?
Congestion, cough, sneeze, fever, facial pain, headache
41
If Sinusitis symptoms persist for more than 10 days and with purulent rhinorrhea?
Bacterial sinusitis
42
Croup
Inflammation of larynx in children with a barking cough
43
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of epiglottis
44
Symptoms of Epiglottitis
Rapid onset: Sore throat, muffled voice, drooling, leaning forward
45
What should you do if Epiglottitis is suspected?
PROTECT AIRWAY - intubate if necessary
46
Eustachian tube dysfunction
Tube is inflamed and fluid accumulates | - may cause vertigo
47
Vertigo
Dizziness
48
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Dizziness by changing head position
49
How do you diagnose BPPV?
Dix Hallpike
50
Describe the Dix Hallpike Maneuver
Patient seated - rotate head 60 degrees and extend 20 degrees -- Quickly lay the patient down on their back with head in same position (+) = nystagmus == BPPV
51
What is the treatment for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo?
Epley Maneuver
52
Vestibular Neuritis
Inflammation of nerve - dizziness but NO loss of hearing
53
Labyrinthitis
Inflammation of both nerves - dizziness AND loss of hearing/hearing changes
54
Meniere's Disease
Episodes of dizziness, fluctuating hearing loss