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ECOS Exam 2 > Approach to Eye Complaints > Flashcards

Approach to Eye Complaints Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases that can cause eye problems

A

DM, Glaucoma, Thyroid Mellitus, ASCD, Collagen Vascular Disease, HIV, IBD

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2
Q

Xanthelasma

A

high cholesterol can cause build up around the eyes

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3
Q

proptosis/Exophthalmos

A

Hyperthyroidism

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4
Q

Rash going to the hair line

A

Herpes Zoster (Singles)

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5
Q

Blepharitis

A

Flakiness and Crustiness
inflammation of eyelid margin causing eye irritation
Bacteria S. Aureus
causes seborrheic dermatitis
Sx: red swollen itchy eyes, burning with tears , flacking and scaling

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6
Q

lids invert (entropion) and evert (ectropion)

A

Elderly, patients with surgeries or infecitons,

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7
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflammation in oil gland on the side of the eye

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8
Q

Icterus

A

yellow sclera

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9
Q

Hordeolum (stye)

A

BACTERIAL INFECTION of MEIBOMIAN GLAND
ON LASHLINE
tender and painful

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10
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflammation in oil gland on the side of the eye
BLOCKED MEIBOMIAN GLAND
IN THE LID
non-tender and nonpainful unless it gets inflamed

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11
Q

Ptosis

  1. Congential
  2. Mechanical
  3. Aponeurotic
A
  1. Absent Levator, Marcus Gunn Jaw, Winking Syndrome
  2. Inflammation, eyelid tumor, dermoid cyts
  3. Aponeurosis problem going to levator muscle
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12
Q

Ptosis

  1. Neurologic
  2. Myogenic
A
  1. -CN3 palsy: ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia DOWN AND OUT
    - Horner’s Syndrome: disrupted SNS, anhidrosis, miosis, ptosis
    - Myasthenia Gravis, Botulism
  2. Mito disease, dystrophy
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13
Q

Erythema

Purulence

A

Sunconjunctival Hemmorrage

Pink Eye Conjunctivitis

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14
Q

Conjunctivitis

Viral vs Bacterial

A

Viral: mild-moderate bilateral gritty burning with clear discharge
eyes sealed closed in the morning
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
Bacterial: unilateral a lot of purulent drainage that is yellow
ABS

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15
Q

Cornea colors

A

Whitish linear = lipid deposition = arcus senilis

should be clear with no brown (blood) or abrasions

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16
Q

Lens, RED REFLEX color

A

yellow or grey= cataracts
or people with very high melanin
red = normal

17
Q

Glaucoma

A

EMERGENCY
Increase in intraocular Pressure
no flow of aqueous from ciliary body to irido-corneal junction
DILATED PUPIL and FIXED

18
Q

Sclerae

A 
1 White= normal 
2 Brown, grey marks= birth marks
increased melanin
can increase risk of glaucoma 
3 Blue= inherited , brittle bine disease
4 Yellow = "Icterus" neonatal, liver disease, pancreatic disease, GB disease
19
Q

Extraocular Muscles
STRABISMUS “lazy eye” = Amblyopia
Esotropia
Exotropia

A

COVER/UNCOVER TEST= uncovered eye moves opposite of the tropia side

eye turned in (turns out when other eye is covered)
eye turned out (turns in when other eye is covered)

20
Q

Optic Disc

A

Yellow and sharp edges and oval
swollen borders= papilledema
Disc Cupping= glaucoma

21
Q

Papilledema

A

increased intracranial pressure = intra-axonal edema along optic nerve = swelling of optic dics
EX: intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, trauma, huge lesion

22
Q

Glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure in the eye leads to cupping (backward depression of the optic disc) and atrophy
cup:disc = .4 is normal
= .7 is glaucoma

23
Q

Cotton Wool Spots

A

white grey ovoid fluffy looking soft borders lesion
smaller then the disc size, around the disc
due to retinal ganglion cells give out axoplasm due to lesions in the retinal nerve fiber
EX: DIABETES, HIV. others

24
Q

Drusen Bodies

A

tellow white round small more sharp and some soft edged specks
many at the posterior pole between the optic dics and macula
due to dead pigment epithelial cells
EX: Macular Degeneration due to aging

25
Q

Retinal Detachment

A

painless
vison loss or black dots
curtain over a part of the visual field
INITIAL: Posterior Vitreous Detachment PVD

26
Q

vision loss- unilateral- painful

vision loss- unilateral - painless

A 
Glaucoma
corneal ulcer
optic neuritis 
Trauma hyphema 
Uveitis

Vitreous Hemorrhage
Macula Degeneration
Retinal Detachment
Retinal Vein occlusion

27
Q

vision loss- bilateral - painful

vision loss- bilateral- painless

A

Chemical or radiation exposure

vascular cause: Giant Cell Arteritis

28
Q

Documentation for the EYE EXAM

A

Periorbital Region intact with no obvious deficits
Sclera= white
conjunctiva= pink
Visual acuity 20/20
visual fields intact bilaterally
extraocular movements intact bilaterally
pupils constrict to light and equally round
cover-uncover test =- strabismus
disc = sharp margins
no arterial narrowing
no hemorrhage or exudates

PERRLA : Pupils Equally Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

29
Q

Documentation for the EYE EXAM

A

Periorbital Region intact with no obvious deficits
Sclera= white
conjunctiva= pink
Visual acuity 20/20
visual fields intact bilaterally
extraocular movements intact bilaterally
pupils constrict to light and equally round
cover-uncover test =- strabismus
disc = sharp margins
no arterial narrowing = HTN
no hemorrhage or exudates

PERRLA : Pupils Equally Round and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

ECOS Exam 2 (6 decks)

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