Approach to ENT Complaint

Question 1

What sinuses do you check in pediatric patients and why?

Answer 1

Mostly maxillary sinuses; the frontal sinuses do not develop until 8-10 years of age

Question 2

what is cobblestone throat indicate of?

Answer 2

post nasal drip or throat infection

Question 3

What suggests otitis media?

Answer 3

bulging TM with varying degree of erythema

Question 4

What techniques are used for hearing tests?

Answer 4

finger rub test or whisper test

Question 5

When you are checking the lymph nodes, what are you checking?

Answer 5

texture, size, tenderness, and mobility

Question 6

When preforming an HEENT exam, what lymph nodes should you check?

Answer 6

preauricular, posterior auricular, tonsillar, occipital, superficial cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular, submental, submandibular, and the deep cervical chain

Question 7

what is allergic rhinitis?

Answer 7

inflammation in the nose caused by an allergen characterized by sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction

Question 8

where does an anterior epistaxis occur?

Answer 8

usually affects the watershed area of the nasal septum (Kiesselbach’s plexus)

Question 9

where does a posterior epistaxis occur?

Answer 9

affects the posterolateral branches of the sphenopalatine artery

Question 10

what virus could cause infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 10

Epstein Barr Virus

Question 11

what is the triad associated with infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 11

fever, tonsillar pharyngitis (sore throat), and lymphadenopathy

Question 12

What is the medical term for inflamed mucus membranes?

Answer 12

Coryza

Question 13

what causes strep throat?

Answer 13

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)

Question 14

when is there the highest likelihood of GABHS?

Answer 14

children 5-15, winter/spring, absence of cough, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, and fever

Question 15

what is an inner ear infection called?

Answer 15

labyrinthitis

Question 16

what is acute suppurative OM?

Answer 16

acute OM with purulent material in the middle ear

Question 17

What is OM with effusion?

Answer 17

inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear without bacterial or viral infection

Question 18

when might an OM with effusion occur?

Answer 18

the fluid buildup persists after an ear infection has resolved

Question 19

what is chronic suppurative otitis media?

Answer 19

persistent ear infection that often results in tearing or perforation of the eardrum

Question 20

what is another name for otitis media with effusion?

Answer 20

Serous otitis media

Question 21

what causes otitis externa?

Answer 21

bacteria entering a small break in skin of canal

Question 22

what is otosclerosis associated with?

Answer 22

progressive hearing loss beginning at ages 10-30, marked hearing loss during middle age

Question 23

what are the two types of hearing loss associated with otosclerosis?

Answer 23

conductive hearing loss and sensory hearing loss

Question 24

what is conductive hearing loss associated with otosclerosis caused by?

Answer 24

ossicle sclerosis into a single immovable mass

Question 25

what is sensory loss associated with otosclerosis caused by?

Answer 25

Otic capsule sclerosis

Question 26

what is a normal Weber test?

Answer 26

midline and hear equally

Question 27

what indicates conductive hearing loss when preforming the Weber test?

Answer 27

when it lateralizes to the affected side

Question 28

what indicates sensorineural hearing loss when preforming the Weber test?

Answer 28

when it lateralizes to the side opposite of the affected ear

Question 29

what is a normal Rinne Test?

Answer 29

when air conduction is greater than bone conduction

Question 30

what indicates conductive hearing loss when preforming the Rinne Test?

Answer 30

when bone conduction is greater than air conduction

Question 31

What are some causes of conductive hearing loss?

Answer 31

cerumen impaction, middle ear fluid, lack of movement of the ossicles, trauma, or tumors

Question 32

what are some causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 32

hereditary, Meniere disease, MS, trauma, ototoxic drugs, barotrauma

Question 33

what happens in cases of rhinosinusitis/ sinusitis?

Answer 33

the mucosal lining in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity becomes inflamed

Question 34

what are some signs and symptoms of rhinosinusitis/ sinusitis?

Answer 34

nasal discharge, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, headache, pain, and facial pressure

Question 35

when might you be suspicious of bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 35

if there is a double sickening (initially gets better but then gets worse), purulent rhinorrhea, elevated ESR

Question 36

When is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis indicated?

Answer 36

when signs and symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis persist without evidence of improvement for at least 10 days beyond the onset of symptoms

Question 37

what is the medical term for Croup?

Answer 37

Laryngotracheitis

Question 38

what is croup/ laryngotracheitis?

Answer 38

swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi causing inspiratory stridor and barking cough in children 6 months to 3 years old

Question 39

what causes croup?

Answer 39

parainfluenza virus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 40

what causes epiglottitis?

Answer 40

Haemophilus type B influenza, GABHS

Question 41

what does the history of a patient with epiglottitis look like?

Answer 41

rapid onset of symptoms, sore throat, muffled voice, drooling

Question 42

what are the causes of Vertigo?

Answer 42

Eustachian tube dysfunction, BPPV, vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the nerve), labyrinthitis, Meniere’s disease

Question 43

What are the techniques used to diagnose BPPV?

Answer 43

Dix-Hallpike Maneuver and Epley Maneuver