Approach To Anemia And Tranfusion Medicine Flashcards
Pediatric animals have lower PCV T/F
T
Pregnant animals have lower PCT. T/F
T
Which breed of dog can lose significant blood and not appear anemic?
Sighthounds
They have higher than reference range HCT
Patients which are not symptomatic donot need blood products. T/F
T
There is no PCV below which patients always need blood. T/F
T
3 main categories of anemia?
- Lack of production
- Blood loss
- Increased destruction
TP will be low in which type of anemia?
Blood loss
Why animals with anemia due to LACK OF PRODUCTION have less clinical signs?
As they get anemic SLOWLY
Product of choice in following type of anemias.
Lack of production?
Blood loss?
Increased destruction?
- Lack of production → pRBC
- Blood loss → Whole blood
- Increased destruction → pRBC
All animals should be blood typed. T/F
T
You should cross match before every tranfusion, especially in cats except ______
In emergencies
What happens if you give type A blood to Type B Cat?
It will kill them
_______ is indicated in case of documented coagulopathy
PLASMA
Three types of plasma?
FFP
Frozen plasma
Cryo-poor plasma
Which plasma can you use for anti-coagulant rodenticide toxicity?
All three
Which plasma can you use for Hemophilia or VWD disease?
Only FFP
You cannot use others as they donot have labile clotting factors
Standard plasma dose is _____ ml/kg
6-15
If plasma has albumin, then why is it not a good option for treatment of hypoalbuminemia?
You need a big dose i.e. 45 ml/kg to raise albumin by 1 g/dl
Best blood product for platelets ?
WHOLE BLOOD
Donot hang blood product for >___ hrs
4
If you spike it, you have ____ hours to use it
24
Always use BLOOD FILTER when administering blood. T/F
T
To points to consider while thawing Plasma?
- Thaw in warm water bath at < 98 F
- Must be handled carefully to avoid breakage of plastic bag
The only compatible FLUID which can be administered in same line with blood products is ________
0.9% NaCl
It is acceptable to have any other type of fluid being given to dog at same time but should be in different IV LINE
RBCs should be pumped or free dripped.
Should ideally be free dripped
Cats can receive on a syringe pump with a HEMONATE filter
Monitoring frequency when pet is getting blood products?
Q15 min for 1st hour, then hourly thereafter
Rate of tranfusion ?
< 1 ml/kg for first 15 min , then rate can be increased to get it done in <4 hr
Incidence % of reactions with RBC products.
~ 18%
Most common sign of transfusion reaction is _______
Temperature spike
I.e. > 1.5 F change from normal
What to do if pet does show temp. Spike with tranfusion and it is >1.5 F from normal?
- stop transfusion → double check the COLOR and TYPE of blood → draw small blood sample and make sure there is no NEW HEMOLYSIS
If vitals are normal, there is no new hemolysis and you have NO concerns about blood, then you can restart at SLOWER RATE
What to do if there is HYPOTENSION, VOMIT, HEMOLYSIS or other worrisome signs with transfusion?
Stop transfusion → save sample from pet and bag for retype, cross match (to r/o hemolytic immune transfusion reaction)& possible culture (to r/o septic reaction)
Facial swelling and itching are common reactions to transfusion . T/F
FALSE
They are rare
Diphenhydramine is TOC (blood can be restarted slowly but should not be continued if there are signs of ANAPHYLAXIS )
