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Cin inq 2 > Appraising Dx Research studies > Flashcards

Appraising Dx Research studies Flashcards

1
Q

Variables are categorical with no order and example

A

Nominal

Gender

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2
Q

Variables are in ordered Category and example

A

Ordinal

MMT

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3
Q

Variables are ordered precisely and continously
Has true 0

example?

A

Ratio

Muscle strength test

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4
Q

Variables are ordered precisely and continously has no true 0

Example

A

Interval

Temperature

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5
Q

Dx study includes

A

Pt. History
Systems review
Informed use of test and measures

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6
Q

Distinguish between people who have movement disorder and those who dont

A

Dx test.

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7
Q

Range of scores that captures individuals w/o mvt disorders

A

Reference interval

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8
Q

Individuals with mvt disorder fall where in reference interval

A

Outside

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9
Q

Most comon design for development of Dx test

A

Cohort

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10
Q

▪ Forward planning to collect data on both the clinical test (index test) under study and a gold standard comparison test

A

Prospective study

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11
Q

Looks back at previously collected findings and examines exposures to suspected risk or protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study

A

Retrospective

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12
Q

Which study has possible risk for bias

A

Retrospective

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13
Q

Masked application of both tests means that you require

A

At least 2 examiners completing only 1 of the tests

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14
Q

Pt definitely has condition

A

True +

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15
Q

Pt def doesnt have condition

A

True -

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16
Q

Doesnt have condition with gold standard, but + with clinical test

A

False +

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17
Q

Test positive on gold standard

Negative on clinical test

A

False -

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18
Q

Tests accuracy in correctly identifying presence of problem

A

Sensitivity

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19
Q

True positive rate ratio

A

Sensitivity

A/a+c

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20
Q

False negative rate

A

1-sensitivity

21
Q

Tests ability to correctly identify absence of problem

A

Specificity

22
Q

True negative Rate

A

Specificity

D/b+d

23
Q

False positive rater

A

1- specificity

24
Q

SpPin

A

High specificity, + test rules in Dx

25
Q

SnNout

A

High sensitivity, - result rules out Dx

26
Q

Plot of specificity and sensitivity values generated from a series of cutpoints in Dx test

A

Receiver operating Characteristic ROC curve

27
Q

Used to determine optimal cutoff threshold in Dx test

A

ROC curve

28
Q

Represent trade off b/w TPR and FPR

A

ROC curve

29
Q

Likelihood a person testing positive actually has disease

A

Positive predictive value

30
Q

PPV equation

A

A/a+b

31
Q

Likelihood person testing negative is disease-free

A

Negative predictive Value

32
Q

NPV equation

A

D/d+c

33
Q

The probability of the target disorder before a diagnostic test result is known (i.e. the prevalence of a disease).

A

Pre-test Probability

34
Q

When pre-test probability is VERY low

A

Disease is unlikely and test not needed

35
Q

o When pre-test probability is VERY high,

A

Disease is likely and test may not be needed

36
Q

Pre-test probability in midrange

A

May be worth pursuing

37
Q

probability of a disease based on the outcome of a test.

A

Post-test probability

38
Q

High Post test probability

Low?

Midrange??

A

Confirms Dx

Rule out Dx

More testing needed

39
Q

Aids in determining post test probability

A

Likelihood ratios

40
Q

how much more likely a positive test will be seen in someone with the disorder than someone without the disorder

A

LR+

41
Q

LR+ equation

A

Sensitivity/1-specificity

42
Q

Large LR+ rules a disease

A

IN

43
Q

how much more likely a negative test will be seen in those with the disorder than in those without the disorder

A

Negative Likelihood ratio LR-

44
Q

LR- equation

A

1-sensitivity/specificity

45
Q

Low LR- rules disease

A

OUT

46
Q

plot of both pre-test positive and negative likelihood ratios to visualize and quantify post-test probabilities

A

nomogram

47
Q

Large LR+

Mod

Small

Negligible

A

> 10

5-10

2-5

<2

48
Q

Large LR-

Mod

Small

Negligible

A

Cin inq 2 (3 decks)

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