apporaches Flashcards
Define psychology
The scientific study of the mind, behavior and experience.
Define science
A means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation. The aim general laws is to discover general Laws
Define introspection
The first systematic experimental the mind attemptto study the mind by breaking up concious awareness into basic structures of thoughts images and sensations
Define behaviorist approach
Away ofexplaining behavior in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning.
Define classical conditioning
learning by association when two stimuli are repeatedly presented together the neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response as the first unconditioned stimulus alone.
Define operant conditioning
form of learning where behaviour is maintained by its concequence - positive and negative reinforcement
Define positive reinforcement
Recieving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed increasing the likelyhood of it occurring.
Define negitire reinforcement
When you avoid an unpleasant thing and the outcome is positive increasing likely hood of the behaviour
Define social learning theory
A way of explaining behavior that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement- combining learning theory with the role of cognitive processes
Define immitation
copying the behavior of others.
Define identification.
A desire tobe associated with a particular person or group often because they possess desirable characteristics.
Define modelling
imitating behavior of a role model
Define vicarious reinforcement.
Reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occours through observing it happen to another.
Define mediational processes
cognitive factors that i influence learning and come between stimulus and responce - Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
Define cognitive approach
How our mentalprocesses (thoughts, perceptions, attention) affect behavior.
Define internal mental processes
‘private’ Operations of the mindsuch as perception and attentionthat mediate between stimulus and responce.
Define interference
The process by which cognitive psychologists draw conclusions about the way mental processes operate on the basis of observation
