appliee

Question 1

Pre-history - Supernatural

Answer 1

Due to supernatural phenomena, witchcraft and demonic possession

Treatments = saying prayers, holy water, good deeds

In extreme cases ‘trephining’ occurs which was drilling holes into skull to release demons.

Question 2

Greek culture

Answer 2

Hippocrates, argued mental illness was not caused by supernatural punishment but by physiology

Deficiency in or an excess of one of the four essential bodily fluids

Eg black bile = sadness/depression

Laxatives given or changes to lifestyle

Question 3

Psychogenic approach

Answer 3

19th century, focus shifted towards psychological factors rather than physical or spiritual

Suggested to be due to result of unconscious processes

Treatment is use of psychoanalysis and therapy encouraging discussion of thoughts and dream analysis

Question 4

Somatogenic approach

Answer 4

20th century shift towards physical explanations such as abnormal brain structure, levels of neurotransmitters

Medical model

Treatment includes ECT and drug treatments

Question 5

Statistical Infrequency

Answer 5

Behaviour typically is normally distributed , 1% of pop have schizophrenia which is considered infrequent and rare = thus abnormal.

Question 6

Deviation from social norms

Answer 6

Social norms are rules society has formed on how people should think and behave therefore deviation from this results in abnormal

Question 7

Failure to function

Answer 7

Abnormality as the failure to experience the normal range of emotions or to engage in normal behaviour

/ Maladaptive

(eg, taking a shower, having a job)

Question 8

What is used to classify?

Answer 8

ICD-10 & ICD-11

Question 9

Affective disorder?
with symptoms

Answer 9

Major Depressive

• depressed mood for most of the day
• loss of interest or pleasure in all or most activities

Present everyday or nearly everyday for the last 2 weeks

Question 10

Psychotic disorder
symptoms with

Answer 10

Schizophrenia
delusions
hallucinations
speech disorder

Persisted for 6 months and over

Question 11

Anxiety disorder
symptoms

Answer 11

Phobias
phobia stimulus provokes immediate fear and anxiety
deliberate avoidance
persistent distress

Last 6 months or more

Question 12

Concordance rates of SZ in twins

Answer 12

Mono = 48%

Dz = 17%

doesn’t fully support as should be 100% or 50%

Question 13

Name the explanations of MI

Answer 13

Biochemical
Cognitive
Psychodynamic

Question 14

What is the medical model?

Answer 14

Proposes mental disorders can be explained the same way as physical

Question 15

Gottesman risk of SZ

Answer 15

MONO = 48%
DIZY = 17%

Question 16

Explain adoption studies (Tienari)

Answer 16

9% children with bio mothers got SZ

Question 17

Biochemical explanation

Answer 17

Due to an imbalance in neurons / synapses
For SZ = excessive dopamine

Question 18

Ripke big study

Answer 18

37,000

108 genetic variations associated with an increased risk of SZ

Question 19

Wong post-mortems

Answer 19

SZ sufferers have twice the number of D2 receptors than non

Question 20

Gottesman stats

Answer 20

two parents SZ = 27.3 any = 67.5