Applied Knowledge: 4 Flashcards
What does perceived seriousness refer to in regards to the Health Belief Model?
Perceived seriousness refers to the feelings one has about the seriousness of contracting an illness or leaving an illness untreated based on the severity of the potential consequences of the problem. The more serious the consequences are perceived to be, the more likely an individual is to engage in a health behavior.
What is the most excepted theory focusing on health beliefs?
Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974)
People will engage in a health behavior based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem and the pros and cons of adopting the behavior.
What does perceived susceptibility refer to in regards to the Health Belief Model?
Perceived susceptibility refers to one’s subjective appraisal of the likelihood of developing a problem. People have a higher perceived threat and an increased likelihood to engage in a health behavior when they believe they are vulnerable to a particular health problem.
What do cues to action refer to in regards to the Health Belief Model?
Cues to action are events, either bodily or environmental that motivate people to make a change. The more people are reminded about a potential health problem, the more likely they are to take action and engage in a health behavior.
What it clients assess before making a healthy lifestyle modification?
A client will assess the benefits along with the barriers.
How can a trainer improve an individuals perception about developing an illness related to their lifestyle?
The trainer needs to make the seriousness of the illness more apparent and make the individual recognize their susceptibility to developing the condition through appropriate implementation of cues to action. This can be accomplished by introducing health information and education focusing attention on physical symptoms.
How should a trainer develop an understanding of clients self-efficacy regarding exercise participation?
The trainer should ask questions about previous experience with exercise, feelings and emotions associated with starting a new program, expectations and apprehensions related to program involvement, and potential barriers for program adherence.
How does past performance experience influence self-efficacy?
Past performance experience is the most influential source of self efficacy information. Ask clients about their previous experiences with exercise, fitness facilities, and personal trainers as these will strongly influence their self-efficacy levels.
How does vicarious experience effect self-efficacy?
The observation or knowledge of someone else was successfully participating in a similar program, or has done so in the past, can increase one’s self efficacy.
How does verbal persuasion effect self efficacy?
Verbal persuasion typically occurs in the form of feedback from teaching or encouragement, statements from others are most likely to influence self-efficacy if they come from credible, respected, and knowledgeable source.
What is the most effective tool for a trainer trying to understand clients self efficacy level?
Self efficacy is best determined through conversation, taking the time to understand what an individual believes about his or her ability to succeed.
How does self-efficacy relate to program adherents?
In general, individuals with high self-efficacy are much more likely do it here will program, choosing challenging tasks and displaying a commitment to reach goals. Individuals with low self-efficacy who choose nonchallenging tasks and display minimal effort, they are much more likely to drop a program.
What are the four main components of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM)?
The stages of change, processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance are the main components of the TTM.
What are the five stages of change in the TTM model?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
What marks an individual in the precontemplation stage?
These people are sedentary and are not even considering an activity program, they perceive activity as irrelevant in their lives and may even discount the importance or practicality of being physically active.
What marks an individual in the contemplation stage?
People in the contemplation stage are still sedentary, however they are starting to consider activity is important and have begun to identify the implications of being inactive.
What marks an individual in the preparation stage?
People in the preparation stage engage in some physical activity, as they are mentally and physically preparing to begin an activity program. They are ready to adopt and live an active lifestyle.
What marks an individual in the action stage?
People in the action stage engage in regular physical activity, but have been doing so for less than six months.
What marks an individual in the maintenance stage?
People in the maintenance stage are engaged in physical activity participation for longer than six months.
Why are the Processes of Change, the second component of the TTM, important for trainers?
The processes of change is likely the most important component of the TTM for trainers to understand, as it entails the processes of change that people use to get from one stage to the next.
What is the first step of the processes of change?
The first step is to identify the current stage of the client.
What is the primary goal for trainers while using the TTM?
The goal of any activity intervention should be to advanced the individual to the next stage of change.
What is the main goal when working with someone in the precontemplation stage?
To make inactivity a relevant issue and for the individual to start thinking about being active.
How should a trainer approach advancing an individual in the precontemplation stage?
The trainer should make an activity a relevant issue. Provide information from multiple sources about the risks of being inactive and the benefits of being active. Information from multimedia sources is most effective.
What is the main goal when working with someone in the contemplation stage?
The main goal is to get the individual involved in some type of physical activity.
How should the trainer approach advancing someone in the contemplation stage?
Provide general information about exercise and different types of activity, cues to action, and opportunities for the individual to ask questions and express any apprehensions.
What is the main goal when working with someone in the preparation stage?
The main goal when working with an individual in the preparation stage is to achieve regular physical activity participation.
How should the trainer approach advancing an individual in the preparation stage?
The trainer should provide a lot of support, feedback, reinforcement, opportunities to be active, and the opportunity for the client to express their concerns and triumphs. At this point the trainer should introduce different types of exercise activities and look for something the client will enjoy.
What is the main goal in working with someone in the action stage?
The main goal will working with an individual in the action stage is to maintain regular physical activity.
How should Trainer approach advancing someone from the action stage to the maintenance stage?
Well educating and teaching clients about how to avoid barriers and feedback, the trainer should identify high-risk individuals and barriers. At this point it is still important to provide continued support, feedback, and opportunities to be active.
What is the main goal when working with an individual in the maintenance stage?
For individuals in the maintenance stage the main goal is to prevent relapse and maintain continued physical activity.
How should a trainer approach working with someone in the maintenance stage?
What working with individuals in the maintenance phase it is important to maintain social support, provide continued education about barrier and burnout, and create reward systems for continued adherence. The trainer must keep the exercise environment enjoyable and switch it up to fight boredom.
