Applied & Environmental Microbio Flashcards
What are the 6 symptoms of foodborne illnesses?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, fatigue, and muscle cramps
What are the 2 categories of food poisoning?
food infections & intoxications
Define food infection
Consumption of living microorganisms
Define food intoxication
Consumption of microbial toxins NOT the microbe
1 out of every ….. get sick from foodborne illness in the US every year?
6
What are the top 2 sources of foodborne illnesses?
Food service industry (38%) Home preparation (25%)
- comes from fecal matter and raw meat
What is the MC foodborne cause of diarrhea?
campylobacter jejuni
What 2 foodborne pathogens can grow at refrigerator temperature?
Listeria monocytogenes
Yersinia Enterocolitica
What is the 2nd MC cause of foodborne Illness?
Salmonella
What is the 3rd MC cause of foodborne illness?
Shigella
Waterborne diseases rare in the United States? T/F?
True
What is the #1 MC cause of foodborne illness?
Norovirus
What are the 5 bacteria that can be considered foodborne and/or waterborne?
campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, shigella, e. coli, and norovirus
Presence of coliforms indicates what?
fecal contamination
T/F potable water is considered safe to drink?
T
what bacteria are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water?
coliform bacteria
what are the four stages of treatment of drinking water
1) coagulation and flocculation
2) sedimentation
3) filtration
4) disinfection
what is added to water in the treatment process to create flocs?
Alum
what are the 3 possible methods of FILTRATION?
sand filtration
activated charcoal
membrane filtration
what are the 3 possible methods of DISINFECTION?
chlorine, ozone, UV light
For traditional wastewater treatment, what percentage of BOD is removed during PRIMARY treatment (sedimentation)?
25-35% BOD
For traditional wastewater treatment, what percentage of BOD is removed during SECONDARY treatment?
75-95% BOD
what are the four stages of traditional wastewater treatment?
1) primary (sedimentation)
2) secondary
3) chemical treatment
4) Sludge treatment
what is defined as using biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater?
bioremediation
What uses microbes or their toxins to terrorize human populations? By destroying the food supply?
bioterrorism, agroterrorism
what are the criteria for assessing biological threats to humans?
1) public health impact
2) delivery potential
3) public perception
4) public health preparedness
what is the ability of hospitals to handle the casualties?
public health impact
what is how easily an agent can be introduced into the population?
delivery potential
what is the effect of public fear on ability to control an outbreak?
public perception
what defines existing response measures?
public health preparedness
what are the bioterrorist threats to humans in order of concern?
smallpox anthrax plague botulism tularemia (can affect a lot of people very easily) viral hemorrhagic fevers (ebola)
how many biosafety levels are there?
4
what biosafety level deals with handling of pathogens that do not cause disease in HEALTHY humans?
Biosafety Level (BSL) 1
what biosafety level is deals with handling of MODERATELY HAZARDOUS agents?
BSL 2
what biosafety level deals with handling of microbes in a safety cabinet and may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after INHALATION?
BSL 3
what biosafety level deals with handling of microbes that cause severe or fatal disease?
BSL 4
