Applied Cardiac Phsyiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is preload ?

A

Volume in Ventricles in the end of diastole

Increased preload= increased stretch of myocardium

Too much stretch = unable to squeeze properly

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2
Q

What is the Frank Starlings Mechanism ?

A

++ RESEARCH THIS MORE++

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2
Q

What will increase preload?

A
  • Reduced HR - Allows more time for ventricles to fill
  • Increased circulating volume - eg giving fluids
  • Valve defects - eg aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation
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3
Q

What will decrease preload?

A
  • Decreased venous blood pressure - eg hemmorhage
  • Atrial contraction failure
    -Increased HR
    -Increased intrathoracic pressures
    -Valvular problems
    -Ventricular failure
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4
Q

What do these terms mean in regards to myocardium contractility ?

A
  • inotropic (increases contractility)
  • chronotropic (increases heart rate)
  • Dromotropic (increases rate of conduction through AV node)
  • Lusitropic (increases relaxation of myocardium during diastole)

Contractilityis the intrinsic strength of the cardiac muscle independent of preload, but a change in preload will affect the force of contraction.

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5
Q

What is contractility?

What can affect it?

A

Intrinsic strength of the cardiac muscle independent of preload, but a change in preload will affect the force of contraction.

Oxygenation
Electrolytes abnormality
PH
Temperature
Hormones
Medications
NS

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6
Q

What is afterload ?

A
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7
Q

Determines of peripheral vascular reistance ?

A
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7
Q

Will GTN increase of decrease afterload?

A

Afterload will decrease

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8
Q

Will cold weather ( with poor protection) increase of decrease afterload ?

A

Afterload will increase

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9
Q

How do you work out cardiac output?

A

HR X SV

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10
Q

How do you work out stroke volume

A

Blood volume x vascular resistance

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11
Q

45 yo
Severe Chest pain since 2 h

A

Dx?
Preload? - Increase

Contractility? - Decrease

Afterload? Initially, this will change, however, there will be an increase in afterload.

Stroke Volume? - Decrease

What will happen with Heart Rate? increase

What will happen with CO? Decrease?

What will happen with BP? Decrease

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12
Q

What is BECKS triad ?

A
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13
Q

What is the Classic AAA triad ?

A
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14
Q
A