Applied anatomy & physiology - energy for exercise Flashcards
Define metabolism
Chemical processes that occur within a cell to maintain life. Some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesised to store energy
Define adenosine triphosphate
High energy compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscle contraction.
Define enzyme
Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions
What is ATPase
An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP
Define exothermic reaction
A chemical reaction which releases energy
Explain the process of ATP-PC system
ATP begins with 1 adenosine and three phosphates. ATPase is released, stimulating final high energy bond to be broken.
Energy is released for muscular contraction and leaves ADP and a singular phosphate.
The energy required is provided by one of the 3 energy systems which break down food fuels.
Creatine kinase is released, catalysing the breakdown of phosphate
Explain the glycolytic system
Kicks in during high intensity exercise after 10 secs, exhausting PC stores and ATP levels fall. ADP and P levels rise again triggering phosphofructokinase (PFK) which catalyses the breakdown of glucose.
Glycolytic ATP resynthesis will continue for 3 mins
What are the three stages in the aerobic system
Aerobic glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Explain the Aerobic system
Kicks in during low - moderate intensity.
First stage is aerobic glycolysis which takes place in the sarcoplasm converting glucose into pyretic acid with the enzyme PFK catalysing the reaction. 2 mole of ATP is released.
Second stage - Krebs cycle. Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid which is oxidised. 2 moles of ATP are released.
Third stage - electron chain transplant. Hydrogen atoms carried through ETC along the Cristae of the mitochondria by NAD and FAD, splitting into ions and electrons. Hydrogen-ions are oxidised and removed as H2O. Pairs of hydrogen electrons carried by NAD, release energy to resynthesises 30 moles of ATP. Those carried by FAD release energy to resynthesise 4 moles of ATP.
Define lipase
Enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.
Define intermitted exercise
Intensity of exercise changes - WA in netball uses glycolic and ATP/ aerobic system.
Define VO2 max
Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exercise
Define myoglobin
Red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying and storing oxygen
Define the work relief ratio
The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed
