applied anatomy - lumbar spine Flashcards
what are the functions of the lumbar spine?
-support / weight bearing
-mobility - trunk and locomotion
-protects spinal cord
what are the different anatomical parts of the lumbar vertebrae?
-vertebral body
-transverse process
-spinous process
-pedicle
-lamina
what are the anatomical functions of the spinal process and tranverse process?
-provides levers for muscles and ligaments for the purposes of causing or restricting movement and stabilising the vertebral column
what are the anatomical functions of the vertebral body joints?
-absorbs shocks and distributes load throughout the vertebral column
-provides intervertebral stability
what are the intervertebral discs made up of?
-water
-proteoglycans - polysaccharides
-collagen type 1 and 2
what are the anatomical parts of the IV disc?
-nucleus pulposus
-annulus fibrosis
-vertebral end plate
what is a herniated disc?
when some of the nucleus propulsos bulges through a tear in the annulus fibrosis
-also called a “slipped disc”
describe spinal nerves
-each spinal nerve contains a mix of sensory and motor fibres
-they begin at the nerve root that emerge from a segment of the spinal cord
-each spinal cord segment has 4 roots: anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal) on both the left and right sides
what kind of nerve fibres do ventral and dorsal spinal nerves contain?
-ventral/anterior - efferent (carry stimuli from the CNS)
-dorsal/posterior - afferent sensory fibres
what are the different spinal ligaments?
-ligamentum flavum
-anterior longitudinal ligament
-posterior longitudinal ligament
what are different arteries that supply the spine?
anterior spinal artery
posterior spinal artery
radicular arteries
what are the facet joints?
synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
how would the muscles of the back be split into?
-global / superficial - primary job is movement/torque strength and also to stabilise
-deep muscles - main job is around stability
what are the 3 erector spine?
-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis
what is the function of the thoracolumbar fascia?
girdling structure consisting of several aponeurotic and fascial layers that separate the paraspinal muscles from the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.
what movements happen w/ lumbar flexion?
- IV disc pressure increases
-nucleus propulsos moves posteriorly
-posterior ligaments are stretched
-facet joints limit end of range
what movements happen with lumbar extension?
-IV disc pressure decreases
-nucleus propulsus moves anteriorly
-facet joints slide closed
-anterior ligaments stretched
-EOR stopped by a bony block
