Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Identify the functions of the skeleton
Shape/support Protection Movement Blood production Mineral storage
What is the correct name for the skull?
cranium
Name the bones in the arm and hand
humerus (upper arm)
radius and ulna (forearm)
carpals, metacarpals and phalanges (hand)
Name the bones in the leg and feet
femur (thigh)
tibia and fibula (lower leg)
tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges (feet)
What is the correct name for the shoulder blade
scapula
What is the correct name for the collar bone?
clavicle
Which bones protect the heart and lungs?
ribs
Which bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebral column
Name 3 types of synovial joint
Hinge, Ball and Socket, Pivot
Where can you find a ball and socket joint?
shoulder and hip
Where can you find a pivot joint?
in the neck
What type of synovial joint is in the knee?
hinge
What type of synovial joint is in the elbow?
hinge
What type of synovial joint is found in the hip?
ball and socket
What is the correct name for your breast bone?
Sternum
Name 3 other components of a joint
ligament
tendon
cartilage
Define the term flexion with a sporting example
Shortening the angle at a joint (bending) - Preparation phase of kicking ball in rugby
What is the role of tendons?
the attach muscle to bones and help transmit the power needed to move bones.
Which bones articulate the hip joint?
Pelvis
Femur
What is the role of cartilage?
it reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
Which bones articulate the elbow joint
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?
Scapula and humerus
What is the role of a ligament?
the attach bone to bone, keeping the joint in place and keeping them stable during movement to help prevent dislocation of a joint
Where can you find a ball and socket joint?
shoulder and hip
Where can you find a hinge joint?
elbow or knee
Define the term adduction with a sporting example
Bringing a limb towards the midline of the body - Adduction at hip when in cross over leg action when throwing a javelin.
Define the term extension with a sporting example
Lengthening the angle at a joint (straightening) - When following through after kicking a football.
Define the term abduction with a sporting example
Abduction - Taking a limb away from the midline of the body. For example abduction at the a shoulder when reaching sideways to intercept a netball.
Which movements can be performed at a ball and socket joint?
flexion, extension
abduction, adduction
rotation, circumduction
Which bones articulate the knee joint?
Femur and Tibia
Which movements can be performed at a hinge joint?
Flexion and Extension
Explain how the cranium enables the person to head a football
The cranium is an example of a flat bone. The bone covers the brain therefore provides protection it cushions the impact so the players brain won’t get damaged heading the ball.
Describe how the skeleton aids movement
The skeleton aids movement by providing a place for muscles to attach to. This means when the muscles contract they pull on the bones to create movement.
Describe the cartilages’ role in preventing injury
Reduces the chances of injury by acting as a shock absorber, because it stops the bones rubbing together
Describe the Synovial Fluid role in preventing injury
Reduces friction in the joint which stops damage to the cartilage.
Describe the Synovial Fluid role in preventing injury
Reduces friction in the joint which stops damage to the cartilage.
How would the bursae aid performance in wrestling or judo.
Bursae, cushion the impact of within the joint, therefore when the player is thrown, there is less chance of damage to the joint so the performer can continue to train and compete.
Give a sporting example, where the shoulder is used
Can be used to perform a serve in tennis.
Give a sporting example where the hip is used
Lay-Up in Basketball
What type of joint are ball and socket joints?
Freely-Movable Joint
What is the antagonistic pair in the knee. When kicking a football
The quadriceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the leg. The hamstrings (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.
Complete the blanks
The……………. is the agonist (Contracting, Prime Mover) when the goalkeeper extends his arm at the elbow and the…. ……… is the antagonist (Extending, Relaxing)
- Tricep
2. Bicep
Explain the term antagonistic pair in relation to movement
One muscle contracts whilst the other relaxes to bring about movement.
What is the antagonistic pair in the elbow. During a jab in boxing.
The triceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the arm. The biceps (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.
What is the antagonistic pair in the shoulder When tossing the ball up during a serve in tennis.
The deltoid (prime mover) contracts and shortens. The latissimus dorsi (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.
What is the antagonistic pair in the ankle. During a pose on the beam in gymnastics.
The gastrocnemius (prime mover) contracts and shortens. The tibialis anterior (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.
What is the antagonistic pair in the hip. During the start of a 100m sprint.
The gluteus maximus (prime mover) contracts and shortens to extend the hip.
The hip flexor (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.
What are the two types of Isotonic Contractions with an example
Eccentric → when a muscle extends.
E.g. during a bicep curl, the triceps eccentrically contract to allow the biceps to work.
Concentric → when a muscle shortens.
E.g. during a bicep curl, the biceps concentrically contract to flex the arm.
What is an isometric contraction with an example
When a muscle contracts, but stays the same length. Were we are stationary. Eg. Handstand
Identify the range of movement in a star jump
Abduction (Taken Away) to Adduction (Bring Towards)
Identify the range of movement in a knee joint
Flexion to Extension
State the name of the joint where plantarflexion takes place and give an example of it’s use.
Hinge Joint and during netball gaining height trying to block a shot.
Name the movement that occurs when the deltoid contracts and give an example in sport.
Shoulder Abduction. Preparation for an overarm throw in cricket
Which muscle is used during the follow-through of a forehand drive in tennis and the joint movement.
Pectorals and Adduction
Give an example of dorsciflexion in sport
Bringing the toes up towards the shins when extending the legs in the long jump
What joint do the femur and tibia meet at
Knee
Which flat bones protect the heart and lungs
Ribs, sternum
Difference between purposes of long and short bones
Long bones used for gross movements
Short bones fine movements
How does the skeleton move
The skeleton is moved by muscles which are attached to bones via tendons.
When muscles contract the bones are pulled, causing them to move at the joints.
Which three bones make up the ball and socket joint in the shoulder?
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus
Which pair of antagonistic muscles are used to move the hinge joint in the elbow?
Biceps and Triceps
What is the benefit of having stronger tendons and ligaments
Improve suppleness make injury less likely
The knee joint makes it possible for Rashford to run during the game. State two bones located at the knee joint which helps him run
Femur, Tibia
Which muscles allow flexing the leg at the knee
Hamstring
Name the Agonist and Antagonist when bending the trailing leg over a hurdle
Hamstring - Agonist
Quadriceps - Antagonist
During a jab in boxing, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?
Biceps - Relax
Triceps - Contract
What is the prime mover when kicking a football?
Quadriceps
Using an example explain the difference between eccentric and concentric muscle contractions.
Eccentric muscle contraction is when the muscle lengthens during the contraction. Whereas Concentric Muscle contractions are where the muscle shortens as it contracts. For example in the downwards phase of a squat, the quadriceps lengthen but are still working to control the downwards movement
