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GCSE PE AQA > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the functions of the skeleton

A 
Shape/support
Protection
Movement
Blood production
Mineral storage
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2
Q

What is the correct name for the skull?

A

cranium

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3
Q

Name the bones in the arm and hand

A

humerus (upper arm)
radius and ulna (forearm)
carpals, metacarpals and phalanges (hand)

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4
Q

Name the bones in the leg and feet

A

femur (thigh)
tibia and fibula (lower leg)
tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges (feet)

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5
Q

What is the correct name for the shoulder blade

A

scapula

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6
Q

What is the correct name for the collar bone?

A

clavicle

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7
Q

Which bones protect the heart and lungs?

A

ribs

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8
Q

Which bones protect the spinal cord?

A

vertebral column

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9
Q

Name 3 types of synovial joint

A

Hinge, Ball and Socket, Pivot

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10
Q

Where can you find a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder and hip

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11
Q

Where can you find a pivot joint?

A

in the neck

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12
Q

What type of synovial joint is in the knee?

A

hinge

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13
Q

What type of synovial joint is in the elbow?

A

hinge

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14
Q

What type of synovial joint is found in the hip?

A

ball and socket

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15
Q

What is the correct name for your breast bone?

A

Sternum

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16
Q

Name 3 other components of a joint

A

ligament
tendon
cartilage

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17
Q

Define the term flexion with a sporting example

A

Shortening the angle at a joint (bending) - Preparation phase of kicking ball in rugby

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18
Q

What is the role of tendons?

A

the attach muscle to bones and help transmit the power needed to move bones.

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19
Q

Which bones articulate the hip joint?

A

Pelvis

Femur

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20
Q

What is the role of cartilage?

A

it reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

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21
Q

Which bones articulate the elbow joint

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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22
Q

Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?

A

Scapula and humerus

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23
Q

What is the role of a ligament?

A

the attach bone to bone, keeping the joint in place and keeping them stable during movement to help prevent dislocation of a joint

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24
Q

Where can you find a ball and socket joint?

A

shoulder and hip

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25
Q

Where can you find a hinge joint?

A

elbow or knee

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26
Q

Define the term adduction with a sporting example

A

Bringing a limb towards the midline of the body - Adduction at hip when in cross over leg action when throwing a javelin.

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27
Q

Define the term extension with a sporting example

A

Lengthening the angle at a joint (straightening) - When following through after kicking a football.

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28
Q

Define the term abduction with a sporting example

A

Abduction - Taking a limb away from the midline of the body. For example abduction at the a shoulder when reaching sideways to intercept a netball.

29
Q

Which movements can be performed at a ball and socket joint?

A

flexion, extension
abduction, adduction
rotation, circumduction

30
Q

Which bones articulate the knee joint?

A

Femur and Tibia

31
Q

Which movements can be performed at a hinge joint?

A

Flexion and Extension

32
Q

Explain how the cranium enables the person to head a football

A

The cranium is an example of a flat bone. The bone covers the brain therefore provides protection it cushions the impact so the players brain won’t get damaged heading the ball.

33
Q

Describe how the skeleton aids movement

A

The skeleton aids movement by providing a place for muscles to attach to. This means when the muscles contract they pull on the bones to create movement.

34
Q

Describe the cartilages’ role in preventing injury

A

Reduces the chances of injury by acting as a shock absorber, because it stops the bones rubbing together

35
Q

Describe the Synovial Fluid role in preventing injury

A

Reduces friction in the joint which stops damage to the cartilage.

36
Q

Describe the Synovial Fluid role in preventing injury

A

Reduces friction in the joint which stops damage to the cartilage.

37
Q

How would the bursae aid performance in wrestling or judo.

A

Bursae, cushion the impact of within the joint, therefore when the player is thrown, there is less chance of damage to the joint so the performer can continue to train and compete.

38
Q

Give a sporting example, where the shoulder is used

A

Can be used to perform a serve in tennis.

39
Q

Give a sporting example where the hip is used

A

Lay-Up in Basketball

40
Q

What type of joint are ball and socket joints?

A

Freely-Movable Joint

41
Q

What is the antagonistic pair in the knee. When kicking a football

A 
The quadriceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the leg.
The hamstrings (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.
42
Q

Complete the blanks
The……………. is the agonist (Contracting, Prime Mover) when the goalkeeper extends his arm at the elbow and the…. ……… is the antagonist (Extending, Relaxing)

A
  1. Tricep

2. Bicep

43
Q

Explain the term antagonistic pair in relation to movement

A

One muscle contracts whilst the other relaxes to bring about movement.

44
Q

What is the antagonistic pair in the elbow. During a jab in boxing.

A 
The triceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the arm.
The biceps (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.
45
Q

What is the antagonistic pair in the shoulder When tossing the ball up during a serve in tennis.

A 
The deltoid (prime mover) contracts and shortens.
The latissimus dorsi (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.
46
Q

What is the antagonistic pair in the ankle. During a pose on the beam in gymnastics.

A 
The gastrocnemius (prime mover) contracts and shortens.
The tibialis anterior (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.
47
Q

What is the antagonistic pair in the hip. During the start of a 100m sprint.

A

The gluteus maximus (prime mover) contracts and shortens to extend the hip.
The hip flexor (antagonist) relaxes and extends to counteract this action.

48
Q

What are the two types of Isotonic Contractions with an example

A

Eccentric → when a muscle extends.
E.g. during a bicep curl, the triceps eccentrically contract to allow the biceps to work.
Concentric → when a muscle shortens.
E.g. during a bicep curl, the biceps concentrically contract to flex the arm.

49
Q

What is an isometric contraction with an example

A

When a muscle contracts, but stays the same length. Were we are stationary. Eg. Handstand

50
Q

Identify the range of movement in a star jump

A

Abduction (Taken Away) to Adduction (Bring Towards)

51
Q

Identify the range of movement in a knee joint

A

Flexion to Extension

52
Q

State the name of the joint where plantarflexion takes place and give an example of it’s use.

A

Hinge Joint and during netball gaining height trying to block a shot.

53
Q

Name the movement that occurs when the deltoid contracts and give an example in sport.

A

Shoulder Abduction. Preparation for an overarm throw in cricket

54
Q

Which muscle is used during the follow-through of a forehand drive in tennis and the joint movement.

A

Pectorals and Adduction

55
Q

Give an example of dorsciflexion in sport

A

Bringing the toes up towards the shins when extending the legs in the long jump

56
Q

What joint do the femur and tibia meet at

A

Knee

57
Q

Which flat bones protect the heart and lungs

A

Ribs, sternum

58
Q

Difference between purposes of long and short bones

A

Long bones used for gross movements

Short bones fine movements

59
Q

How does the skeleton move

A

The skeleton is moved by muscles which are attached to bones via tendons.
When muscles contract the bones are pulled, causing them to move at the joints.

60
Q

Which three bones make up the ball and socket joint in the shoulder?

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus

61
Q

Which pair of antagonistic muscles are used to move the hinge joint in the elbow?

A

Biceps and Triceps

62
Q

What is the benefit of having stronger tendons and ligaments

A

Improve suppleness make injury less likely

63
Q

The knee joint makes it possible for Rashford to run during the game. State two bones located at the knee joint which helps him run

A

Femur, Tibia

64
Q

Which muscles allow flexing the leg at the knee

A

Hamstring

65
Q

Name the Agonist and Antagonist when bending the trailing leg over a hurdle

A

Hamstring - Agonist

Quadriceps - Antagonist

66
Q

During a jab in boxing, which muscle contracts and which relaxes?

A

Biceps - Relax

Triceps - Contract

67
Q

What is the prime mover when kicking a football?

A

Quadriceps

68
Q

Using an example explain the difference between eccentric and concentric muscle contractions.

A

Eccentric muscle contraction is when the muscle lengthens during the contraction. Whereas Concentric Muscle contractions are where the muscle shortens as it contracts. For example in the downwards phase of a squat, the quadriceps lengthen but are still working to control the downwards movement

GCSE PE AQA (6 decks)

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