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PE > applied anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

applied anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neuromuscular system

A

the nervous system and the muscles work together to allow movement

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2
Q

what does the sympathetic neuromuscular system

A

-prepares the body for exercise
- referred to as fight or flight

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3
Q

what does the parasympathetic neuromuscular system do

A

-opposite effect
-slows down high energy functions and relaxed body
-referred to as rest and relax

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4
Q

over view of muscle fibres

A

your make up/ pete enrage of fast and slow twitch fibres is called your muscle fibre composition

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5
Q

slow twitch fibre

A

-smaller muscles and darkish red in colour
-slow contraction speed and low force
-fatigue resistant
-adapted to lower intensity exercise over a long period of time
-produce energy aerobically using oxygen as a source of energy

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6
Q

fast twitch fibre

A

-larger muscles and light red or white in colour
-fast contraction speed
-generate greater force of contraction
-get fatigued quickly
-used for short, intense bursts of effort
-produce energy aerobically

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7
Q

the 2 types do fast twitch fibres

A

fast oxidative glycolysic (fog)

fast glycolytic (fg)

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8
Q

what is fog (LLA)

A

lighter red larger muscles and uses oxygen and glucose as energy
-faster growth speed, more resistant to fatigue and good for 800-1500m

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9
Q

what is fg (LLX)

A

white in colour due to low oxygen capacity, largest muscles and high levels of glucose stored as glycogen in muscles
fast.
-much faster twitch speed than LLA suitable for short and highly explosive events such as 100m and weight lifting

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10
Q

functional characteristic of slow twitch

A

-slow contracting speed
-slow motor neurone conduction capacity
-low force
-low fatigue
-very high aerobic capacity
-low anaerobic capacity

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11
Q

structural characteristics of slow twitch

A

-small motor neurone
-high mitochondria capacity
-high capillary density

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12
Q

slow twitch sporting examples

A

cross country
skiing
cycling

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13
Q

LLA functional characteristics

A

-fast contraction speed
-fast motor neurone conduction capacity
-high force
-medium fatigue
-medium aerobic capacity
-high anaerobic capacity

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14
Q

LLA structural characteristics

A

-large motor neurone
-medium mitochondria density
-medium myoglobin content
-medium capillary density

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15
Q

sporting eg for LLA

A

1500m
200m swim
floor routine

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16
Q

LLX function characteristics

A

-fast contraction speed
-fast motor neurone conduction capacity
-high force
-high capacity
-low aerobic capacity
-very high anaerobic capacity

17
Q

LLX structural characteristics

A

-large motor neurone
-low mitochondrial density
-low myoglobin content
-low capillary density

18
Q

LLX sporting examples

A

-power lifting
100m sprint
smash in tennis

19
Q

what is mitochondria

A

the powerhouse of cells

20
Q

what is myoglobin

A

supplies oxygen to muscle cells

21
Q

effects of training of fibre type

A

-it’s genetically determined
-can increase size

22
Q

what is a motor unit

A

a motor neurone and its muscle fibres

23
Q

what is a motor neurone

A

nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscles

24
Q

the all or not law

A

when a motor neurone stimulates its muscle fibres either all of them contract or none at all

25
Q

what is wave summation

A

when there is a repeated never impulse with no time to relax so a smooth sustained contraction occurs

26
Q

how does wave summation allow a performer to vary the strength of muscular contraction

A

allows a more powerful contraction as the muscle is stimulated again before it is relaxed which increases the force
eg breaststroke

27
Q

what is tetanic contraction

A

is when a wave summation is rapid firing. it’s the fusion of contraction to produce a continuous contraction

28
Q

spatial summation

A

when the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number/ size of motor units received

PE (3 decks)

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