Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PG > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

5 Functions of the skeleton

A 
Support
Mineral Storage
Red Blood Cell Production
Protection
Movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a synovial joint

A

A freely moving joint in which the surface is covered by cartilage and connected by a joint capsule lined with synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Concentric and Eccentric Contraction

A

Concentric causes tension in your muscle as it shortens

Eccentric is when the force applied exceeds the momentary force produced by the muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Role of ligaments, tendons and cartilage

A

Ligaments: bone to bone and keep joints stable
Tendons: muscle to bone and transmit power needed to move the bones
Cartilage: Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How to remember levers

A

EFL the ELF FEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two different movements at your ankle

A

Plantarflexion

Dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of the deltoid

A

All movements at the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Role of the trapezius

A

Extension at the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Role of latissimus dorsi

A

Adduction at the shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pectorals role

A

Adduction and flexion at the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of the biceps

A

Flexion at the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of the triceps

A

Extension at the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of the abdominals

A

Flexion at the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role of the quadriceps

A

Provides stability to the knee joint and extends or straightens the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of the hamstrings

A

Flexion at the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the double circulatory system

A

Network of blood vessels inside the body that form a double circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction (ml per beat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Factors affecting stroke volume

A

Amount of blood returning to the heart
Elasticity of the ventricles
Contracticility of the ventricles
Blood pressure in the arteries leading from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per minute (stroke volume x heart rate)

20
Q

What does myocardial hypertrophy cause

A

A lower heart rate forcing the stroke volume to be increased to keep the same cardiac output

21
Q

Explain process of inspiration

A

External intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm contracts downwards increasing area of thoracic cavity. Lungs pulled outwards through surface tension decreasing the pressure in the lungs and becoming less than the pressure outside the body. Gas is inspired into the lungs.

22
Q

Explain process of expiration

A

Relaxation of intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. The ribs are lowered and the area of the lungs is increased and the pressure of the lungs increases. Air is now forced out to equalise the pressure and expiration takes place

23
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air inspired or expired per breath (ml)

24
Q

Minute Ventilation (l/minute)

A

Tidal volume x f (number of breaths per minute)

25
Q

Short Term Effects on the body of exercise

A

Increase in temp, Metabolic Rate increase and Lactic Acid
Increase in cardiac output
Increase in tidal volume and minute ventilation

26
Q

Vascular Shunt

A

Arterioles that supply muscle tissue experience vasodilation to increase blood flow to muscles and arteries that supply blood to other organs vasoconstrict to reduce blood flow to them.
Capillaries open valves to skeletal muscles and close valves that supply other organs

27
Q

Long Term effects of exercise on the body

A

Tendons strengthened, Muscular endurance increases and hypertrophy occurs
Cardiac Output, Bradycardia, Increased capillarisation, Decrease in blood viscosity, Increase in red blood cells.
Greater intercostal muscle strength, Gas exchange more efficient and increase in vital capacity

28
Q

What is oesteoporosis

A

Disease where bones become fragile and can progress painlessly until bones break

29
Q

Principles of Training and their definitions

A

Specificity - Training undertaken is relevant to the sport
Overload - Body works harder than normal so that there is stress and discomfort
Progression - Training should become progressively more harder
Reversibility - If training is reduced or stopped fitness gained will be lost

30
Q

FITT Principle and their definitions

A

Frequency - Number of training sessions
Intensity - How hard the athlete is training
Time - Duration must take into account intensity
Type of training - Fulfils specific needs

31
Q

Prehabilitation

A

Used to describe strength and conditioning exercises for specific muscles that help to reduce risk of injury

32
Q

Ballistic Stretching

A

Involves using the momentum of a moving body or limb in an attempt to force it beyond its full range of motion

33
Q

Continuous Training

A

Low intensity

30mins - 2 hours

34
Q

Fartlek Training

A

Fartlek means ‘speed play’. A form of continuous training. Changes in speed, incline and terrain are used to provide changes in exercise intensity. Aerobic and anaerobic work can be done in the quantities that suit the performer and it is more varied than continuous training.

35
Q

Interval Training

A

Intervals of work and intervals of rest

36
Q

How to disperse lactic acid

A

Light jogging

37
Q

Plyometrics (Interval Training)

A

Involves rapid and repeated stretching and contracting of the muscles to increase strength and power.
Used to improve dynamic strength

38
Q

5 factors of a good warm-up

A

Pulse raising - Increases heart rate and body temperature
Mobility - Take the joints through their full range of movement
Stretching - Dynamic stretches that include ballistic movements
Dynamic Movements - Movements that show a change of direction or speed
Skill Rehearsal - Practicing for common movement patterns in the sport such as dribbling or passing drills

39
Q

What is capiliarisation

A

Process where new capillaries are formed

40
Q

What is mechanical advantage and what levers does provide it

A

This means that they allow you to move a larger output with a smaller effort
First and Second

41
Q

What is the origin

A

The end of the muscle attached to the bone that is stable. The point of origin remains still when the contraction occurs

42
Q

What is the fixator

A

Muscle that works with others to stablise the origin of the prime mover.

43
Q

An example of a frontal plane movement (abduction/adduction at the hip)

A

Jumping jacks or action at the hip during the breast stroke leg action in swimming

43
Q

An example of a transverse plane movement (Rotational)

A

Arm action when bowling in cricket with rotation at the shoulder joint

44
Q

An example of a sagittal plane movement (up and down movements of flexion and extension)

A

Leg action in running

45
Q

What are the three axes of rotation

A

Frontal - Abduction/Adduction - Cartwheel
Transverse - Rotation - Somersault
Longitudinal - Flexion\Extension - Pirouette in dance

PG (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions