Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sports Studies > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Myogenic

A

Originating in muscle tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sinoatrial Node (SAN)

A

A small mass of cardiac muscle found in the wall of the right atrium that generates the heartbeat. It is more commonly known as the pacemaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atrioventricular Node (AVN)

A

Relays the impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

The most important part of the brain as it regulates processes that keep us alive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

Percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Venous Return

A

The return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cardiac Hypertrophy

A

When the heart becomes bigger and stronger due to a thickening of the muscular wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bradycardia

A

When there is a decreases in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

When arteries harden and narrow and become clogged up by fatty deposits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systolic

A

When the ventricles are contracting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diastolic

A

When the ventricles are relaxing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myoglobin

A

An iron-containing muscle pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres which has a higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin. It stores the oxygen in the muscle fibres which can be used quickly when exercise begins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site at which respiration and energy production occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bohr Shift

A

When an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in blood pH results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vascular Shunt Mechanism

A

The redistribution of cardiac output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vasodilation

A

The widening of the blood vessels to increase blood flow into the cappilaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow into the capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arterio-Venous Difference (A-VO2 Diff)

A

The difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tidal Volume

A

The volume of air inspired or expired per breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

The volume of air inspired or expired per minute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

The volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Residual Volume

A

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gaseous Exchange

A

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Partial Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Concentration/Diffusion Gradient

A

Explains how gases flow from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The steeper this gradient, the faster diffusion occurs.

28
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

Breathing

29
Q

Adrenaline

A

The hormone that increases breathing rate in preparation for exercise.

30
Q

Motor Unit

A

A motor neurone and its muscle fibres.

31
Q

All or None Law

A

Where a sequence of impulses has to be of sufficient intensity to stimulate all of the muscle fibres in a motor unit in order for them to contract. If not, none of them contract.

32
Q

Wave Summation

A

Where there is a repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax, so a smooth, sustained contraction occurs rather than twitches.

33
Q

Tetanic Contractions

A

A sustained powerful muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeating stimuli.

34
Q

Spatial Summation

A

When the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscle’s motor units.

35
Q

CRAC

A

contract-relax-antagonist-contract

36
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Proprioceptors that detect how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex.

37
Q

Autogenic Inhibition

A

Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension. The receptors involved in this process are Golgi tendon organs.

38
Q

Articulating Bones

A

Bones that meet and move at the joint.

39
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body.

40
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body.

41
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

When a muscle contract to create movement.

42
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

When a muscle shortens under tension.

43
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

When a muscle lengthens under tension.

44
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

When a muscle can contract without actually lengthening or shortening and the result is that no movement occurs.

45
Q

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)

A

The only usable form of energy in the body.

46
Q

Glycolysis

A

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid.

47
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

A series of cyclical chemical reaction that take place using oxygen in the matrix of the mitochondria.

48
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

This involves a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria where hydrogen is oxidised to water and 34 molecules of ATP are produced.

49
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The fluid that surrounds the nucleus of a muscle fibre; the site where anaerobic respiration takes place.

50
Q

Beta Oxidation

A

A process where fatty acids are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle.

51
Q

Phosphocreatine (PC)

A

An energy-rich phosphate compound found in the sarcoplasm.

52
Q

Anaerobic

A

A reaction that can occur without the presence of oxygen.

53
Q

Energy Continuum

A

A term which describes which type of energy system is used for different types of physical activity and sport. The contribution of each system depends on the intensity ad duration of exercise.

54
Q

Oxygen Consumption

A

The amount of oxygen we use to produce ATP.

55
Q

Submaximal Oxygen Deficit

A

When there is not enough oxygen available at the start of exercise to provide all the energy (ATP) aerobically.

56
Q

EPOC

A

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery above that which would have been consumed at rest during the same time.

57
Q

Fast Replenishment Stage

A

The restoration of ATP and phosphocreatine stores and the re-saturation of myoglobin with oxygen.

58
Q

Cori Cycle

A

The process where lactic acid is transported in the blood to the liver where it is converted to blood glucose and glycogen.

59
Q

Lactate Threshold

A

The point at which lactic acid rapidly accumulates in the blood.

60
Q

OBLA

A

The point when lactate levels go above 4 millimoles per litre.

61
Q

VO2 Max

A

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be utilised by the muscles per minute.

62
Q

Buffering

A

A process which aids the removal of lactate and maintains acidity levels in the blood and muscle.

63
Q

Direct Gas Analysis

A

Measures the concentration of oxygen that is inspired and the concentration of carbon dioxide that is expired.

64
Q

Cycle Ergometer

A

A stationary bike that measures how much work is being performed.

65
Q

Plyometrics

A

Repeated rapid stretching and contracting of muscles to increase muscle power.

Sports Studies (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions