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PE GCSE 2021 > Applied anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Applied anatomy and physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Short bones

A

Allow finer and controlled movements

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2
Q

Long bones

A

Enable large and gross movements

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3
Q

Irregular

A

specifically shaped to protect

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4
Q

flat

A

protect vital organs

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5
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A 
Support 
Protections 
Movement 
structural shape 
points of attachment 
Mineral storage 
Blood cell production
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6
Q

Examples of long bones

A

Humerus
Tibia
fibula
Femur

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7
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals

tarsals

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8
Q

Examples of Flat bones

A

Sternum
Cranium
Ribs
scapula

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9
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
mandible
sacrum
coccyx

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10
Q

What is a joint?

A

Where two or more bones meet

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11
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Connects muscle to bone

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12
Q

Characteristics of tendons

A

Elastic

damages with stress and strain

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13
Q

Characteristics of ligaments

A

tough elastic fibers

Too much stress and they can be overstretched or torn

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14
Q

Function of cartilage

A

Prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together. It lubricates joints.

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15
Q

What does a meniscus do?

A

Cartilage acting as a shock absorber can be found between the tibia and femur

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16
Q

Synovial fluid functions (synovial joint)

A

stops bones from rubbing together and provides a smooth friction-free surface allowing bones to move freely.

17
Q

Capsule function (synovial joint)

A

Protects and holds joint together, providing stability.

18
Q

Ligaments function (synovial joint)

A

Joins bone to bone and strengthens the joint to prevent unnecessary movement and dislocations.

19
Q

Synovial membrane function (synovial joint)

A

Produces synovial fluid

20
Q

Bursae function (synovial joint)

A

Bags of synovial fluid reduces friction in joint

21
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

In a ball and socket, the rounded end of the bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone

They allow movements in all directions as well as rotation.

22
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Only allow forwards and backwards movment

  • flexion
  • extension
23
Q

Flexion

A

Reducing angle at a joint

24
Q

Extension

A

the increasing angle at a joint

25
Q

Rotation

A

circular movement at a joint

26
Q

Abduction

A

sideways movement of hip and shoulder away from the midline of the body

27
Q

Adduction

A

sideways movement of hip and shoulder towards the midline of the body

28
Q

Plantarflexion

A

pointing of toes, increase of angle at ankle joint

29
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Puling of toes, decrease of the angle at ankle joint

30
Q

Joint type and articulating bones at ANKLE

A
  1. Hinge joint

2. Tibia, fibula, and talus

31
Q

Joint type and articulating bones at KNEE

A
  1. Hinge joint

2. Femur and tibia

32
Q

Joint type and articulating bones at the HIP

A
  1. ball and socket joint

2. pelvis and femur

33
Q

Joint type and articulating bones at SHOULDER

A
  1. ball and socket joint

2. scapula and humerus

34
Q

joint type and articulating bones at the elbow

A
  1. Hinge joint

2. Radius, humerus, and ulna

PE GCSE 2021 (5 decks)

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