Applied anatomy and physiology

Question 1

Short bones

Answer 1

Allow finer and controlled movements

Question 2

Long bones

Answer 2

Enable large and gross movements

Question 3

Irregular

Answer 3

specifically shaped to protect

Question 4

flat

Answer 4

protect vital organs

Question 5

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 5

Support 
Protections 
Movement 
structural shape 
points of attachment 
Mineral storage 
Blood cell production

Question 6

Examples of long bones

Answer 6

Humerus
Tibia
fibula
Femur

Question 7

Examples of short bones

Answer 7

Carpals

tarsals

Question 8

Examples of Flat bones

Answer 8

Sternum
Cranium
Ribs
scapula

Question 9

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 9

Vertebrae
mandible
sacrum
coccyx

Question 10

What is a joint?

Answer 10

Where two or more bones meet

Question 11

What is a tendon?

Answer 11

Connects muscle to bone

Question 12

Characteristics of tendons

Answer 12

Elastic

damages with stress and strain

Question 13

Characteristics of ligaments

Answer 13

tough elastic fibers

Too much stress and they can be overstretched or torn

Question 14

Function of cartilage

Answer 14

Prevents the ends of bones from rubbing together. It lubricates joints.

Question 15

What does a meniscus do?

Answer 15

Cartilage acting as a shock absorber can be found between the tibia and femur

Question 16

Synovial fluid functions (synovial joint)

Answer 16

stops bones from rubbing together and provides a smooth friction-free surface allowing bones to move freely.

Question 17

Capsule function (synovial joint)

Answer 17

Protects and holds joint together, providing stability.

Question 18

Ligaments function (synovial joint)

Answer 18

Joins bone to bone and strengthens the joint to prevent unnecessary movement and dislocations.

Question 19

Synovial membrane function (synovial joint)

Answer 19

Produces synovial fluid

Question 20

Bursae function (synovial joint)

Answer 20

Bags of synovial fluid reduces friction in joint

Question 21

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 21

In a ball and socket, the rounded end of the bone fits inside a cup-shaped ending on another bone

They allow movements in all directions as well as rotation.

Question 22

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 22

Only allow forwards and backwards movment

• flexion
• extension

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

Reducing angle at a joint

Question 24

Extension

Answer 24

the increasing angle at a joint

Question 25

Rotation

Answer 25

circular movement at a joint

Question 26

Abduction

Answer 26

sideways movement of hip and shoulder away from the midline of the body

Question 27

Adduction

Answer 27

sideways movement of hip and shoulder towards the midline of the body

Question 28

Plantarflexion

Answer 28

pointing of toes, increase of angle at ankle joint

Question 29

Dorsiflexion

Answer 29

Puling of toes, decrease of the angle at ankle joint

Question 30

Joint type and articulating bones at ANKLE

Answer 30

1. Hinge joint

2. Tibia, fibula, and talus

Question 31

Joint type and articulating bones at KNEE

Answer 31

1. Hinge joint

2. Femur and tibia

Question 32

Joint type and articulating bones at the HIP

Answer 32

1. ball and socket joint

2. pelvis and femur

Question 33

Joint type and articulating bones at SHOULDER

Answer 33

1. ball and socket joint

2. scapula and humerus

Question 34

joint type and articulating bones at the elbow

Answer 34

1. Hinge joint

2. Radius, humerus, and ulna