Applied anatomy Flashcards
What does this show?
How is it treated?
- Retrobulbar Haematoma
- There may be damage to the structures internally.
-Treated by relieving pressure by a lateral canthotomy.
What is this?
Why does the eye appear this way ?
Which eye is affected here is the patient is looking up ?
Blowout fracture
It can lead to trapping inferior muscles – which leads to diplopia when looking up.
It’s the LEFT eye, as the inferior muscle is trapped, stopping the eye from moving up.
Why is this a major risk of infection ?
- Clinical significance—facial infections can become serious quickly and spread, so need to be treated aggressively, often requiring admission for IV antibiotics.
- All link up to the internal jugular but are also connected intracranially, near the pituitary.
What is this?
What is it caused by ?
What is the treatment ?
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the lid margin is usually due to staph infection.
Tx: wipe with clean cloth, warm water, baby shampoo
What is this ?
Why does it happen ?
Chalazion
The result of a perifollicular gland getting clogged up.
What is this?
Why does it Happen?
What is the treatment ?
Stye
Inflammation of the meibomian gland.
- Hot compresses help to ease discomfort.
- Massage of the cyst after using a hot compress can encourage the cyst to drain.
- Cleaning the eyelid twice per day removes grease and grime that may contribute to cysts forming.
- A small operation is an option if it does not go, or if it causes troublesome symptoms.
- Slower, not as painful.
What is this?
What is it caused by?
How do you think I should treat ?
- Subconjunctival haemmorahge.
- Rupture of the small vessels in the eyelid (Blood is contained outside of the cornea !!)
- Caused by anything that causes intracranial pressure, e.g. coughing straining, HTN, vomiting.
- Treatment includes finding the underlying cause eg treating t he cough. The body will reabsorb the blood.
What is this ?
What do you have to be VERY cautious about ?
What usually causes it ?
- This is pre-septal cellultiis
- Have to be careful that its not orbital cellultis.
- Upper respiratory infection and sinusitis are children’s most important predisposing factors for periocular infection. Streptococcus spp. are the predominant causative agents.
- Fever, malaise, irritability in children.
- Ptosis.
What is this ?
How to treat ?
- Orbital cellulitis
- SIGHT AND LIFE THREATENING !!
- Usually originates from a locally spreading infection.
- Get imaging and IV ABX.
What is this ?
Why does it happen ?
Exopthalmus
Fat behind the eye can become inflamed from inflammatory cells, which pushes the eyes forward.
What is this ?
Central retinal vein occulsion
What Glaucoma?
Whats the difference between open angle gaucoma and closed angle glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a common eye condition in which vision is lost because of damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries information about vision from the eye to the brain. In most cases, the optic nerve is damaged when the pressure of fluid inside the front part of the eye rises.
Primary open angle glaucoma - Fluid circulates freely in the eye and pressure tends to rise slowly over time.
Acute/angle glaucoma - Develops suddenly casuing pain and redness. This happens when a structure called the angle (where the iris and cornea meet) closes
What is this ?
What symptoms will manifest it ?
How do you treat ?
Catract
Cloudy patch of the lens
Frosted, like bathroom glass
Occur with age, metabolic disorders, trauma, or heredity
