applications in the real world medicine

Question 1

sickle cell anemia

Answer 1

glutamate to valine

Question 2

aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 2

glu 487 –> lys487 leads to accumualation of acetaldehyde –> potential liver dsyfunction

Question 3

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 3

gly-pro-hyp changed to __-pro-hyp

Question 4

EGFR

Answer 4

leu 858 changed to arg858
arginine stabilises the active form of the kinase domain –> increased activity more cell proliferation

Question 5

steven johnsons syndrome

Answer 5

carbamazepine
reacts with cyp450 which is a monoxygenase gets hydrolysed and oxidised. end product can react with cellular proteins which trigger immune response and leads to hypersensitivity

affected by genes that makes cell marker that recognises foreign pathogens

Question 6

warfarin

Answer 6

anti-coagulation; inhibits vitamin k epoxide reductase no coagulation agents formed

Question 7

failure to eliminate (statins)

Answer 7

statins inhbits cholesterol leading to membrane dysfunction

Question 8

sildenafil

Answer 8

anti-hypertensive agent; binds to PDE so cGMP would not get converted. allow cGMP to vasodilate

Question 9

examples of decoys

Answer 9

5 -fluorouracil; zidovudine; allopurinol

Question 10

what are examples of competitive inhibitors

Answer 10

sulfonamide antibacterial drugs

Question 11

what do oligonucleotides do

Answer 11

bind to target rna

Question 12

what does sulfonamide do

Answer 12

they are structurally similar to para aminobenzoic acid –> compete with the active site of enyzme DHPS –> no folic acid made

Question 13

whatis MAO and what are their inhibitors

Answer 13

mono-amine oxidase.

fluoxetine and venlafaxine

Question 14

how does MAO inhibitors work

Answer 14

they prevent the metabolism of neutrotransmitters by preventing the oxidation of primary amines