application stuff Flashcards

1
Q

software categories

A

systems, applications

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2
Q

systems software

A

needed to control hardware and run applications

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3
Q

system software - types

A

operating systems, utilities, libraries, translators

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4
Q

operating system

A

provide a user interface, manage hardware, handle interrupts, schedule processor

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5
Q

utility programs

A

optimise computer performance and perform useful background tasks

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6
Q

utility programs - examples

A

disk defragmenter, automatic backup, automatic updating, virus checker, compression software

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7
Q

disk defragmenter

A

reorganises the hard drive so parts of the same file are next to each other in sequential blocks to reduce read times

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8
Q

automatic backup

A

accounts for users forgetting to backup files by automatically doing it if where, when, how (compressed or not) and what (data) is to be backed up are specified

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9
Q

automatic updates

A

runs in the background detecting and automatically installing software update releases

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10
Q

virus checker

A

scans permanent storage by comparing files to know virus definitions and/or using heuristics to guess which files may contain a virus based on their behaviour

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11
Q

compression

A

reduces file size to increase transmission speeds or increase the number of files that can be stored in a given storage capacity

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12
Q

application software

A

software that performs a task to benefit the user

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13
Q

off the shelf software

A

ready made software that is available for anyone to purchase

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14
Q

bespoke software

A

custom software created for a specific user

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15
Q

off the shelf software - advantages

A

cheaper, consumer can try/read reviews

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16
Q

bespoke software - advantages

A

allows specific features to be included for the user

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17
Q

open source software

A

software is open source licensed but free to use, source code is free to view, modify, distribute and sell as long as the software produced is also open source

18
Q

freeware

A

software is free to use but software ins’t available

19
Q

closed source/proprietary

A

source code is not freely available, user must pay copyright owner for a license to use the software which may restrict how the software can be used

20
Q

selecting application

A

functionality, hardware, cost, availability, reliability

21
Q

assembly code

A

three letter acronyms are used to represent instructions which are equivalent to binary instructions but easier for humans to work with (hardware specific)

22
Q

assembler

A

translates assembly to machine code

23
Q

compiler

A

translates high level languages to machine code in one go

24
Q

interpreter

A

translates high level languages to machine code line by line, stopping if there’s an error

25
Q

compiler - advantages

A

programs can be rerun without needing to be recompiled, faster to execute, executable file doesn’t require interpreter to run

26
Q

interpreter - advantages

A

source code can be run on any machine with the interpreter, the entire program doesn’t need to be recompiled if a small error occurs

27
Q

compiler - disadvantages

A

code must be recompiled if a small error occurs

28
Q

interpreter - disadvantages

A

must be reinterpreted each time the program is run

29
Q

stages of compilation

A

lexical analysis, symbol table, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation

30
Q

lexical analysis

A

white space and comments are removed. keywords, constants, identifiers and operators are replaced with tokens

31
Q

symbol table

A

the lexer will create a symbol table for every keyword and identifier in the program which helps keep track of the runtime memory address of each identifier

32
Q

syntax analysis

A

tokenized code is compared to syntax rules of the language, if a section violates any rules an error is generated with details of what and where it is, a full error report is given back to the user of all errors found

33
Q

semantic analysis

A

checks for errors where valid syntax doesnt produce a valid program

34
Q

code generation

A

machine code is generated

35
Q

code optimsiation

A

aims to improve efficiency by removing redundant instructions, replacing inefficient code

36
Q

libraries

A

pre-written, compiled, tested and checked pieces of code that gives developers shortcuts to achieve what they need without repeating code

37
Q

linkers

A

software responsible for linking libraries to code that uses them, put the appropriate memory
addresses in place so that the program can call and
return from a library function

38
Q

loaders

A

copy the program and any linked subroutines into main memory to run

39
Q

bytecode

A

an intermediate step between high level languages and machine code

40
Q

bytecode how

A

the high level language may be compiled or interpreted into byte code which is then executed by a bytecode interpreter

41
Q

bytecode advantages

A

platform independence, acts as an extra security layer