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Nursing Exam 4 > Application Questions- Chapter 41 > Flashcards

Application Questions- Chapter 41 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the normal range for Potassium?

A

3.5- 5.0 mEq/L

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1
Q

What is the normal range for Sodium?

A

136- 145 mEq/L

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2
Q

What is the normal range for Bicarbonate?

A

22- 26mEq/L

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3
Q

What happens to cells in a hypotonic solution?

A

They swell

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4
Q

What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution?

A

They shrink

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5
Q

If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Sudden weight loss (overnight)
Oliguria
Flat and collapsing neck veins

A

ECV deficit

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6
Q

If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Apprehension
Headache
Decreased LOC

A

Hyponatremia

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7
Q 
If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have? 
Extreme thirst
Postural Hypotension
Oliguria
Fever
Dry mucous membranes
A

Clinical Dehydration

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8
Q 
If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have? 
Extreme thirst
Flushed, dry skin
Fever
Agitation
A

Hypernatremia

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9
Q 
If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have? 
Edmea (including pulmonary)
Full neck veins in upright position
Crackles in lungs
Sudden weight gain (overnight)
A

ECV excess

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10
Q

If you know the patent has an adrenal insufficiency, increased GI output, or a recent burn, which imbalance do you suspect?

A

ECV deficit

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11
Q

If the patient has SIADH, has received a tap water enema, or has psychogenic polydispia, which imbalance do you suspect?

A

Hyponatremia

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12
Q

If the patient has an ADH deficiency, cannot respond to thirst, or overuses table salts, which imbalance do you suspect?

A

Hypernatremia

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13
Q

If the patient has chronic heart failure, cirrhosis, or oliguric acute kidney disease, which imbalance do you suspect?

A

ECV excess

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14
Q

Which foods do you suggest to a patient who needs an increased intake of potassium?

A 
Fruits
Potatoes
Instant Coffee
Molasses
Brazil Nuts
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15
Q

Which foods would you suggest to a patient who needs increased calcium intake?

A

Dairy
Canned fish (w/ bones)
Broccoli
Oranges

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16
Q

Which foods do you suggest to a patient who needs increase Magnesium intake?

A

Dark green leafy vegetables

Whole grains

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17
Q

Which foods do you suggest to a patient who needs increased phosphate intake?

A

Milk

Processed foods

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18
Q

If a patient has the following symptom,which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Weakness of respiratory muscles

A

Hypokalemia

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19
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Numbness and tingling of fingers and circumoral area

A

Hypocalcemia

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20
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Insomnia

A

Hypomagnesemia

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21
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Flushing and warmth

A

Hypermagnesemia

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22
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Muscle weakness with transient abdominal cramps and diarrhea

A

Hyperkalemia

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23
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Laryngospasm

A

Hypocalcemia

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24
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Decreased bowel sounds

A

Hypokalemia

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25
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Anorexia with nausea and vomiting

A

Hypercalcemia

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26
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Abdominal distention

A

Hypokalemia

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27
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Personality changes

A

Hypercalcemia

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28
Q

If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Grimacing and dysphagia

A

Hypomagnesemia

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29
Q

If a patient has the following symptoms, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Hypertension and tachycardia

A

Hypomagnesemia

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30
Q

If a patient has the following symptom, which imbalance do you suspect they have?
Bradycardia and hypotension

A

Hypermagnesemia

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31
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is MOST COMMONLY associated with:
Cancer

A

Hypercalcemia

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32
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is MOST COMMONLY associated with:
End stage renal disease

A

Hypermagnesemia

33
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is MOST COMMONLY associated with:
Oliguria

A

Hyperkalemia

34
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is MOST COMMONLY associated with:
Pancreatitis

A

Hypocalcemia

35
Q

The patient has the following, you know this is MOST COMMONLY associated with:
Pathological Fractures

A

Hypercalcemia

36
Q

Normal blood pH:

A

7.35- 7.45

37
Q

Normal PaCO2:

A

35- 45 mm Hg

38
Q

Normal HCO3-:

A

22- 26 mEq/L

39
Q

Normal PaO2:

A

80- 100 mm Hg

40
Q

Normal SaO2:

A

95- 100%

41
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is associated with:
COPD

A

Respiratory Acidosis

42
Q

The patient has the following, you know this is associated with
Meningitis

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

43
Q

The patient has the following disease, you know this is associated with
Diabetes Insipidus

A

Hypernatremia

44
Q

A patient has the following symptoms, you suspect which imbalance?
Light-headedness, tingling of the fingers and circumoral region, excitement and confusion followed by decreased LOC

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

45
Q

A patient has the following symptoms, you suspect which imbalance?
Increased rate and depth of respirations with lethargy and confusion.

A

Metabolic acidosis

46
Q

A patient has the following symptoms, you suspect which imbalance?
Numbness and tingling of extremities and circumoral region with hyperventilation

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

47
Q

A patient has the following symptoms, you suspect which imbalance?
Headache, flushed skin, and muscular twitching

A

Respiratory Acidosis

48
Q

A patient is hyperventilating, you know this is a classic sign of which acid-base imbalance?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

49
Q

Vomiting and gastric suctioning are common causes of this acid-base imbalance:

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

50
Q

pH: 7.56
CO2: 28
HCO3: 25

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

51
Q

pH: 7.6
CO2: 31
HCO3: 12

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

52
Q

pH: 7.5
CO2: 23
HCO3: 25

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

53
Q

pH: 7.35
CO2: 40
HCO3: 25

A

Normal

54
Q

pH: 7.3
CO2: 37
HCO3: 15

A

Metabolic Acidosis

55
Q

pH: 7.2
CO2:23
HCO3: 12

A

Metabolic Acidosis

56
Q

pH: 7.65
CO2: 22
HCO3: 19

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

57
Q

pH: 7.55
CO2: 52
HCO3: 34

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

58
Q

pH: 7.9
CO2: 50
HCO3: 29

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

59
Q

pH: 7.7
CO2: 23
HCO3: 21

A

respiratory Alkalosis

60
Q

pH: 7.8
CO2:46
HCO3: 30

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

61
Q

pH: 7.2
CO2: 51
HCO3: 24

A

Respiratory Acidosis

62
Q

pH: 7.1
CO2: 47
HCO3: 18

A

Metabolic Acidosis

63
Q

pH: 7.9
CO2: 30
HCO3: 20

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

64
Q

pH: 7.12
CO2: 32
HCO3: 20

A

Metabolic Acidosis

65
Q

pH: 7. 6
CO2: 30
HCO3: 20

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

66
Q

pH: 7.8
CO2: 39
HCO3: 32

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

67
Q

pH: 7.23
CO2: 32
HCO3: 20

A

Metabolic Acidosis

68
Q

pH: 7.56
CO2: 30
HCO3:24

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

69
Q

pH: 7.8
CO2: 38
HCO3: 28

A

Metabolis Alkalosis

70
Q

A patient who recently had surgery (is in the fourth postoperative day) is most likely to have which of these? Select all that apply:

  1. Increased Osmolality
  2. Decreased Osmolality
  3. Increased ECV
  4. Decreased ECV
  5. Hyperkalemia
  6. Hypokalemia
A

2, 3, 6 (Page 897)

71
Q

bacterial Pneumonia is most likely to cause which imbalance?

  1. Hypernatremia
  2. Respitory Acidosis
  3. Respirtory Alkalosis
  4. Hyponatremia
A

2 (page 897)

72
Q

Burns are most likely to place a patient at risk for which imbalance?

  1. Hyperkalemia
  2. Metabolic Acidosis
  3. ECV deficit
  4. Respiratory Alkalosis
A

3.

73
Q

A crush injury is most likely to cause which imbalance?

  1. Hypokalemia
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Hypernatremia
  4. Hyperkalemia
A

4

74
Q

Head injuries cause which imbalances?

  1. Fluid Imbalances
  2. Osmolality Imbalances
  3. Electrolyte imbalances
A

2.

75
Q

Patients with chronic heart failure are most likely to experience which imbalances?

  1. Hypokalemia and ECV excess
  2. Hypernatremia and ECV deficit
  3. Hyperkalemia and ECV deficit
  4. Hypernatremia and ECV excess
A

1.

76
Q

Which patient would need to restrict intake of fluids and electrolytes?

  1. Patient with cancer
  2. Patient with head trauma
  3. Patient with heart failure
  4. Patient with end-stage renal disease
A

4

77
Q

ADH deficiency is associated with which Fluid Imbalance?

A

Hypernatremia

78
Q

SIADH (excessive ADH) is associated with which Fluid Imbalance?

A

Hyponatremia

79
Q

Parkinson’s disease is associated with which Fluid Imbalance?

A

Hypernatremia

Nursing Exam 4 (2 decks)

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