Application - Non human/animal

Question 1

Give arguments against blood sports

Answer 1

• represents a different kind of moral wrong to just eating animals as it is done purely just for human enjoyment
• Unethical: bulls used in bullfights are deliberately weakened before fights, animals kept outside in horrific conditions to keep them aggressive
• suffering is unnecessary and prolonged
• morally wrong to kill for pleasure
  -we should be stewards

Question 2

Give arguments for bloodsports

Answer 2

• economic reasons
• animals aren’t as developed as humans

Question 3

Give the NML approach to bloodsports

Answer 3

• Aquinas argues that enjoying the cruel treatment of animals may lead us to be callous in our treatment of humans
• can a society be ordered if it takes joy in the perceived Barbary of bloodsports
• Catholcoi NML: we are absuing god’s reaction
• proportionalism would take into consideration economy/cultural significance

Question 4

Describe the SE approach to blood sports

Answer 4

A loving society wouldn’t have bloodsports as a from of entertainment
- we might also take pleasure in hurting humans

Question 5

Describe the VE approach to blood sports

Answer 5

• Enjoying cruelty isn’t conducive to human flourishing as the character who does so is likely to be riddled with vices, and it also does promote intellectual virtues - however,r it does require courage

Question 6

Describe the NML approach to animals as food

Answer 6

• Aquinas argued that animals lack reason, and so only beings with reason are worthy of moral concern. below us in the hierarchy of souls/ However, intensive farming damages the environment, going against the precepts
• catholic nil might argue that the bible urges us to be stewards so it is unethical to treat them poorly

Question 7

Describe the SE approach to animals as food

Answer 7

• Situationists would determine whether in any given instance it is the best thing to do
• in conditions of great scarcity where there is little else to eat eating meat best serves the interests of agape - when not it is a more complex issue due to the damage caused by intensive farming

Question 8

Describe the VE approach to animals as food

Answer 8

• Eudaimonia is restricted to humans so there is no immediate problem with eating meat
• Hurthouse, a modern scholar, argues that the modern methods used to produce meat involve so muchh cruelty that participating can be considered a vice ‘I can no more think of myself when I am compassionate to such cruelty Han I could think of myself if… I still enjoyed the fruits of slave Labour’ because it involves indulging in a pleasure whilst ignoring the terenndous suffering required

Question 9

Describe the NML approach to xenotransplantaion

Answer 9

• Aquinas; the view that god gave humans the ability to develop an ordered society shows human importance, and supports the idea of the sanctity of life
• animal life and death could be seen as acceptable if it is for the common good because it follows some precepts
• HOPWEVER, because it breaks ‘worship god’ it is unacceptablen-nplays god

Question 10

Describe the SE approach to xenotransplantation

Answer 10

• if animals can be used a s source if organs for those who definitely need them, the realist is less suffering and it could reduce burden on society family member

Question 11

Describe vE approach to xenotransplantation

Answer 11

• Hursthouse argues that it subjects animals to unnecessary cruelty, and so the virtuous person wouldn’t jknwinly use an organ harvested from an animal. it could also prevent people from doing the virtuous thing of donating their own organs
• however it may create. amore fl9urishing society

Question 12

Describe NML approach to using animals in science

Answer 12

• aquinas argues experimentation like this could be seen as blasphemous however ir could save us
• cathilcisicm argues scenic is god’s way of helping us understand creation as ir is in accordance with precepts

Question 13

Describe Se approach to using animals in science

Answer 13

• scientific experiments on animals has led to the developments of drugs and treatment which have saved lives and immensely reduced the sum of suffering. at least some scientific procedures which use animals have loving outcomes by developing new medicine. however, if the technique could have negative outcomes for society as a whole, then the situatyionsis must decide against

Question 14

Describe VE approach to using animals in science

Answer 14

• As wisdom is considered a virtue any scientific research is lie yo be welcomed by the virtue theirs as contributing to human flourishing
• hursthouse argues animal welfare campaigners are undoubtedly correct that animal experimentations are cruel and unnecessary, but there is little we can do to stop it - the virtuous individual would avoid p[ruchasing the products which use it unnecessary