Application Layer

Question 1

What happens if there’s no IP route in place?

Answer 1

TCP connection fails

Question 2

What’s the main difference between TCP and UDP?

Answer 2

TCP is connection-oriented

UDP is connectionless

Question 3

How does client-server architecture work?

Answer 3

Server side: always on, permanent IP address

Client side: sends requests to server, not always on, dynamic IP address

Don’t communicate directly

Question 4

How does peer-to-peer architecture work?

Answer 4

No single server for clients

Peer requests service from other peers and provides service in return

Peers intermittently connected and change IP address

Question 5

What is process communication?

Answer 5

Within same host: processes communicate using inter-process communication

On different hosts: exchange messages

Question 6

What information does an application need to give a socket?

Answer 6

Message
Destination address
Type of protocol

Question 7

What is a socket life-cycle?

Answer 7

1. Create: allocate socket resources and return handle
2. Bind: docked connected to specific network address/port no
3. Connection: establish connection to end point
4. Transfer: data sent/received
5. Close: connections released

Question 8

What is TLS (transport layer security)?

Answer 8

Provides end to end encrypted TCP connections

Data integrity and end to end security