Application Development & Apex

Question 1

Q. What is Apex in Salesforce?

Answer 1

A. Apex is a strongly-typed, object-oriented programming language used for executing business logic and transaction control in Salesforce.

Question 2

Q. What programming languages is Apex similar to?

Answer 2

A. Apex is similar to Java and C#.

Question 3

Q. Where is Apex code executed?

Answer 3

A. Apex code runs on Salesforce’s multi-tenant cloud infrastructure.

Question 4

Q. What are the key features of Apex?

Answer 4

• Object-oriented programming
• Strongly typed language
• Integrated with Salesforce database
• Bulk processing support
• Transactional control

Question 5

Q. What are the primitive data types in Apex?

Answer 5

A. Integer, Double, Long, Date, DateTime, Boolean, String, Blob, and ID.

Question 6

Q. How do you define a class in Apex?

Answer 6

public class MyClass {
public String myVariable;

public void myMethod() {
    System.debug('Hello Apex');
} }

Question 7

Q. What are collections in Apex?

Answer 7

A. Collections in Apex include Lists, Sets, and Maps.

Question 8

Q. What is the difference between Lists, Sets, and Maps in Apex?

Answer 8

• Lists: Ordered collection allowing duplicates.
• Sets: Unordered collection that does not allow duplicates.
• Maps: Key-value pairs for fast lookup.

Question 9

Q. How do you declare a List in Apex?

Answer 9

List<String> myList = new List<String>{'Apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry'};</String></String>

Question 10

Q. What is an Apex trigger?

Answer 10

A. A trigger is Apex code that runs before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted.

Question 11

Q. What are the two types of triggers in Salesforce?

Answer 11

A. Before triggers (modify records before saving) and After triggers (access record values after saving).

Question 12

Q. What is a bulkified trigger?

Answer 12

A. A trigger designed to process multiple records efficiently to avoid governor limits.

Question 13

Q. What is an example of a basic Apex trigger?

Answer 13

trigger AccountTrigger on Account (before insert, before update) {
for (Account acc : Trigger.new) {
acc.Name = acc.Name + ‘ - Updated’;
}
}

Question 14

Q. How do you prevent recursion in Apex triggers?

Answer 14

A. By using static variables in a helper class.

Question 15

Q. What is SOQL?

Answer 15

A. Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) is used to query records from Salesforce objects.

Question 16

Q. How do you write a basic SOQL query?

Answer 16

List<Account> accList = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Industry = 'Technology'];</Account>

Question 17

Q. What are governor limits for SOQL queries?

Answer 17

• Maximum 50,000 records retrieved
• Maximum 100 SOQL queries per transaction

Question 18

Q. What is the difference between SOQL and SOSL?

Answer 18

• SOQL: Query specific fields in a single object.
• SOSL: Search across multiple objects using full-text search.

Question 19

Q. What are DML operations in Apex?

Answer 19

A. Insert, Update, Delete, Upsert, Undelete.

Question 20

Q. What is an example of an Insert operation in Apex?

Answer 20

Account acc = new Account(Name = ‘New Account’);
insert acc;

Question 21

Q. What is an upsert operation?

Answer 21

A. A DML operation that inserts a new record if it does not exist, or updates an existing record.

Question 22

Q. What are governor limits for DML operations?

Answer 22

• Maximum DML statements: 150 per transaction
• Maximum records processed: 10,000 per transaction

Question 23

Q. What are governor limits in Salesforce?

Answer 23

A. Limits imposed by Salesforce to ensure fair resource usage in a multi-tenant environment.

Question 24

Q. What are key governor limits in Apex?

Answer 24

• SOQL queries: Max 100 per transaction
• DML statements: Max 150 per transaction
• CPU time: Max 10 seconds
• Heap size: Max 6 MB synchronous, 12 MB asynchronous

Question 25

Q. How can you optimize Apex code to handle governor limits?

Answer 25

• Use bulkified queries
• Use collections instead of multiple queries
• Avoid nested loops with SOQL/DML
• Use batch processing for large datasets

Question 26

Q. What is Asynchronous Apex?

Answer 26

A. Apex code that runs in the background without blocking user operations.

Question 27

Q. What are the different types of Asynchronous Apex?

Answer 27

• Future Methods
• Batch Apex
• Queueable Apex
• Scheduled Apex

Question 28

Q. What is a Future method in Apex?

Answer 28

A. A method that runs asynchronously to handle long-running operations.

Question 29

Q. What is an example of a Future method?

Answer 29

@future
public static void updateAccounts() {
List<Account> accList = [SELECT Id FROM Account];
for (Account acc : accList) {
acc.Name += ' - Updated';
}
update accList;
}</Account>

Question 30

Q. What is the purpose of unit testing in Apex?

Answer 30

A. To validate code behavior, ensure stability, and meet Salesforce’s 75% code coverage requirement.

Question 31

Q. What is an example of an Apex test class?

Answer 31

@isTest
private class AccountTest {
@isTest
static void testAccountInsert() {
Account acc = new Account(Name=’Test Account’);
insert acc;
System.assertNotEquals(null, acc.Id);
}
}

Question 32

Q. What are best practices for writing Apex code?

Answer 32

A. - Use bulkified queries and DML statements
- Follow the Single Responsibility Principle
- Use custom settings for configurable values
- Implement error handling using try-catch blocks
- Write unit tests with at least 75% code coverage

Question 33

Q. How do Apex and LWC communicate?

Answer 33

A. LWC calls Apex methods using @AuraEnabled annotation.

Question 34

Q. What is an example of an Apex method used in LWC?

Answer 34

public with sharing class AccountController {
@AuraEnabled(cacheable=true)
public static List<Account> getAccounts() {
return [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account LIMIT 10];
}
}</Account>

Question 35

Q. How do you ensure Apex security?

Answer 35

• Enforce CRUD and FLS (Field-Level Security)
• Use WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED in SOQL queries
• Avoid hardcoded IDs
• Use sharing rules and security models