Appendix A Flashcards
sociology
the science of society
social facts
products of human interaction with persuasive power that exist externally to any individual
data
systematically collected sets of empirical observations
sociological research questions
queries about the world that can be answered empirically
qualitative research methods
involve careful consideration and discussion of the meaning of nonnumerical data
quantitive research methods
involve explaining numerical data with math
sociological sympathy
understanding others as they understand themselves
research ethics
a set of moral principles that guide empirical inquiry
Respect, justice, and beneficence
sociological theory
explanations about relationships between social facts
social patterns
similarities and differences among people influenced by the social conditions in which they live
standpoints
points of view grounded in reality
public sociology
using sociological theory to make societies better
sociological imagination
to consider how people’s lives are shaped by the social facts that surround us
structural functionalism
society is a system of parts that work together to create social stability
conflict theory
societies are characterized by competing interests instead of shared ones
symbolic interactionism
social interaction depends on the social construction of reality
standpoint theory
our understanding of the world is shaped by our social position
August Comte
First sociologist
Argues that science could replace religion as the arbiter of good public policy
Harriet Martineu
Advocated for democracy
Wrote in favor of economic justice, the abolition of slavery, and equality for women
Karl Marx
Advocated for the working class
Delivered a scathing critique of capitalism
One of the founders of conflict theory
Emile Durkheim
believed in the collective conscience
Beliefs common to the average citizens of the same society
developed structural functionalism
Max Weber
Studied sociology of religion
Argued that cultural ideas, like those associated with religion, have powerful effects on society
Paved the way for status beliefs and inequalities related to race, disability, immigration, and sexual identity
Marianne Weber
Studied the family
Saw marriage as a source of gendered oppression
Argued that the domestic work women were required to perform was unfairly undervalued and that requiring women to do it reflected an undervaluing of women
Important for the discussion of human welfare
Ida-Wells Barnett
Wrote the first evidence-based account of the terrorism known as lynching
Charlotte Perkins-Gilman
Criticised patriarchal marriage
Anna Julia Cooper
Wrote the first book about intersectionality
Jane Addams
Devoted her life to helping the disadvantaged and promoting world peace
Developed one of the most prominent anti-poverty organizations in American history (hull-house)
First American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize
Recognized as the founder of social work
WEB Du Bois
Analyzed American life in the city
Argued that the primary causes of Black Philadelphian’s struggles were interpersonal and institutional racism
Herbert Blumer
Developed the symbolic interactionist perspective
