Appendix A

Question 1

sociology

Answer 1

the science of society

Question 2

social facts

Answer 2

products of human interaction with persuasive power that exist externally to any individual

Question 3

data

Answer 3

systematically collected sets of empirical observations

Question 4

sociological research questions

Answer 4

queries about the world that can be answered empirically

Question 5

qualitative research methods

Answer 5

involve careful consideration and discussion of the meaning of nonnumerical data

Question 6

quantitive research methods

Answer 6

involve explaining numerical data with math

Question 7

sociological sympathy

Answer 7

understanding others as they understand themselves

Question 8

research ethics

Answer 8

a set of moral principles that guide empirical inquiry

Respect, justice, and beneficence

Question 9

sociological theory

Answer 9

explanations about relationships between social facts

Question 10

social patterns

Answer 10

similarities and differences among people influenced by the social conditions in which they live

Question 11

standpoints

Answer 11

points of view grounded in reality

Question 12

public sociology

Answer 12

using sociological theory to make societies better

Question 13

sociological imagination

Answer 13

to consider how people’s lives are shaped by the social facts that surround us

Question 14

structural functionalism

Answer 14

society is a system of parts that work together to create social stability

Question 15

conflict theory

Answer 15

societies are characterized by competing interests instead of shared ones

Question 16

symbolic interactionism

Answer 16

social interaction depends on the social construction of reality

Question 17

standpoint theory

Answer 17

our understanding of the world is shaped by our social position

Question 18

August Comte

Answer 18

First sociologist

Argues that science could replace religion as the arbiter of good public policy

Question 19

Harriet Martineu

Answer 19

Advocated for democracy

Wrote in favor of economic justice, the abolition of slavery, and equality for women

Question 20

Karl Marx

Answer 20

Advocated for the working class

Delivered a scathing critique of capitalism

One of the founders of conflict theory

Question 21

Emile Durkheim

Answer 21

believed in the collective conscience

Beliefs common to the average citizens of the same society

developed structural functionalism

Question 22

Max Weber

Answer 22

Studied sociology of religion

Argued that cultural ideas, like those associated with religion, have powerful effects on society

Paved the way for status beliefs and inequalities related to race, disability, immigration, and sexual identity

Question 23

Marianne Weber

Answer 23

Studied the family

Saw marriage as a source of gendered oppression

Argued that the domestic work women were required to perform was unfairly undervalued and that requiring women to do it reflected an undervaluing of women

Important for the discussion of human welfare

Question 24

Ida-Wells Barnett

Answer 24

Wrote the first evidence-based account of the terrorism known as lynching

Question 25

Charlotte Perkins-Gilman

Answer 25

Criticised patriarchal marriage

Question 26

Anna Julia Cooper

Answer 26

Wrote the first book about intersectionality

Question 27

Jane Addams

Answer 27

Devoted her life to helping the disadvantaged and promoting world peace

Developed one of the most prominent anti-poverty organizations in American history (hull-house)

First American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize

Recognized as the founder of social work

Question 28

WEB Du Bois

Answer 28

Analyzed American life in the city

Argued that the primary causes of Black Philadelphian’s struggles were interpersonal and institutional racism

Question 29

Herbert Blumer

Answer 29

Developed the symbolic interactionist perspective