Appendix

Question 1

General Principles

Principle A: Beneficence and nonmaleficence

Answer 1

Strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm. Resolve conflict by minimizing harm.

Question 2

General Principles

Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility

Answer 2

Establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work, be aware of their responsibilities to society and communities, uphold professional standards, clarify professional roles, manage conflicts of interest.

Question 3

General Principles

Principle C: Integrity

Answer 3

Seek to promote accuracy, honesty, truthfulness in science, teaching and practice.

Question 4

General Principles

Principle D: Justice

Answer 4

Psychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology, take precautions of bias, and limitations of expertise

Question 5

General Principles

Principle E: Respect for people’s rights and dignity

Answer 5

Respect dignity of all peoples, rights to privacy and confidentiality, and awareness of safeguards to protect the rights and welfare of persons or communities whose vulnerabilities impair autonomous decision making

Question 6

Ethical Standards

1.01 Misuse of psychologists work

Answer 6

If psychologists learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work, take reasonable steps to correct or minimize misuse.

Question 7

Ethical Standards

1.02 Conflicts between ethics and law

Answer 7

If ethical responsibilities conflict with law/regulation, clarify the nature of the conflict, make known the commitment to the ethics code, take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict.

Under no circumstances may this standard be used to justify or defend violating human rights.

Question 8

Ethical Standards

1.03 Conflicts between ethics and organizational demands

Answer 8

If demands of an organization are in conflict with ethics code, clarify nature of conflict, make known commitment to ethics code, take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict.

Question 9

Ethical Standards

1.04 Informal resolution of ethical violations

Answer 9

If psychologists believes there may have been an ethical violation by another psychologist, attempt to resolve informally, if appropriate and does not violate any confidentiality rights

Question 10

Ethical Standards

1.05 Reporting ethical violations

Answer 10

If an apparent ethical violation has substantially harmed or is likely to substantially harm a person or organization and is not appropriate for informal resolution, take further action such as referral to state/national committees on professional ethics, state licensing boards, or appropriate institutional authorities.

Question 11

Ethical Standards

1.06 Cooperating with ethics committees

Answer 11

Psychologists cooperate in ethics investigations, proceedings, and resulting requirements with APA/affiliates. Failure to cooperate is an ethics violation. Request for deferment/adjudication of an ethics complaint pending outcome does not alone constitute noncooperation.

Question 12

Ethical Standards

1.07 Improper Complaints

Answer 12

Psychologists do not file or encourage the filing of ethics complaints that are made with reckless disregard or willful ignorance of facts

Question 13

Ethical Standards

1.08 Unfair Discrimination against complainants and respondents

Answer 13

Psychologists do not deny persons employment, advancement, admissions to academic/programs, tenure, promotion solely based on having been subject to an ethics complaint

Question 14

Competence

Boundaries of Competence

Answer 14

a) Provide service, teach, research only in areas within boundaries of their competence based on education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience
b) Where scientific/professional knowledge establishes understanding of age, gender, identity, race, ethnicity, culture, orientation, disability, language, psychologists have o robtain the training, experience, consultation or supervision necessary to ensure the competence of their services
c) Psychologists planning to provide services, teach, or conduct research involving populations, techniques, or technologies new to them undertake relevant education, training, supervised experience, consultation, or study
d) When psychologists are asked to provide services to individuals for whom appropriate MH services are not available, and psychologist has not obtained competence/training, make reasonable effort to obtain competence required by using research, training, consultation or study
e) In emerging areas where standsards do not yet exist, take reasonable steps to ensure competence of their work to protect clients, students, supervisees, research participants, organizational clients, and others from harm
f) When assuming forensic roles, become reasonably familiar with judicial or administrative rules governing their roles

Question 15

2.02 Providing Services in Emergencies

Answer 15

Psychologists provide services for whom other MH services are not available and for which psychologists have not obtained necessary training, psychologists may offer services in order to ensure that services are not denied and they are discontinued as soon as the emergency has ended or appropriate services are available.

Question 16

2.03 Maintaining Competence

Answer 16

Pschologists undertake ongoing efforts to devleop and maintain their competence

Question 17

2.04 Bases for scientific and professional judgments

Answer 17

Psychologists work is based upon established scientific and profesional knowledge (competence)

Question 18

2.05 Delegation of work to others

Answer 18

Psychologists who delegate work to employees, supervisees, resarch to TA’s etc.

1) Avoid delegating work to persons who have multipler relationship or could lead to exploitation
2) Authorize only those responsibilities that such persons can be expected to perform competently on the basis of their education, training, or experience
3. See that such persons perform these services competently

Question 19

2.06 Personal Problems and Conflicts

Answer 19

a) Psychologists refrain from initiating an activity when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that their personal problems will prevent them from performing their work-related activities in a competent manner
b) When psychologists become aware of personal problems that may interfere with their work adequately, take appropriate measures, obtain consultation/assistance, and determine whether they should limit suspend or terminate their work duties

Question 20

3.01 Unfair Discrimination

Answer 20

In work-related activities, psychologists do not discriminate based on gender, identity, age, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, SES

Question 21

3.02 Sexual Harassment

Answer 21

Psychologists do not engage in sexual harassment, sexual solicitation, physical advances

Question 22

3.03 Other Harassment

Answer 22

Psychologists do not knowingly engage in behavior that is harassing or demeaning to persons with whom they interact int heir work based on factors such as those persons age, gender, identity, race, etc.

Question 23

3.04 Avoiding Harm

Answer 23

a) Take reasonable steps to avoid harming clients, students, supervisees, and minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable
b) Psychologists do not participate in, facilitate, assist, or otherwise engage in torture, defined as any act by which severe pain or suffering, physical or mental, intentionally inflicted

Question 24

3.05 Multiple Relationships

Answer 24

a) When psych is in a professional role w/ a person and same time in another role, closely associated with the person, or promises to enter into another relatinosihp in the future with the person
b) If psych sees that due to unforeseen factors a potentially harmful multiple relationship has arisen, take reasonable steps to resolve it
c) When psychologists are required by law, institutional policy, or extraordinary circumstances to serve in more than one role they clarify role expectations at the outset

Question 25

3.06 Conflict of Interest

Answer 25

Refrain from taking a professional role when personal, scientific, professional, legal, financial or other interests could be reasonably expected to impair objectivity, competence, effectiveness, or exposre the person to harm or exploitation

Question 26

3.07 Third party request for services

Answer 26

When psychologists agree to provide services to person or entity at the request of a third party, psychologists attempt to clarify at the outset of the service the nature of the relationship with all individuals or organizations involved

Question 27

3.08 Exploitative Relationships

Answer 27

Psych do not exploit persons whom they have supervisory, evaluative, or other authority such as clients, students, supervisee, employee

Question 28

3.09 Cooperation with other professionals

Answer 28

When indicated and appropriate, cooperate w/ other professionals to serve clients effectively and appropriately.

Question 29

3.10 Informed Consent

Answer 29

a) When provide assessment, therapy, research, consulting, via all forms of communication, obtain informed consent of individual(s) using language that is reasonable to understand
b) For person legally incapable of giving informed consent, 1) Provide explanation, 2) Seek assent, 3) Consider persons preferences and best interests, 4) Obtain appropriate permission from legally authorized person
c) When psychological services are court ordered or mandated, inform the individual the nature of the services, limits of confidentiality, documentation

Question 30

3.11 Psychological services delivered to or through organizations

Answer 30

a) Provide information beforehand to clients 1) nature and objectives of the service, 2) intended recipients, 3) which individuals are clients, 4) relationship psych will have with each person and org, 5) probable use of services provided, 6) who will have access to the information, and 7) limits of confidentiality
b) Precluded by law/organizational roles from providing such information to particular grouops/individuals so inform those individuals at the outset of the service

Question 31

3.12 Interruption of psychological services

Answer 31

Unless otherwise covered by conract, make reasonable efforts to plan for facilitating services in the event of unavailability, relocation, retirement.

Question 32

4.01 Maintaining confidentiality

Answer 32

Primary obligation and take reasonable precautions to protect confidential information obtained through or stored in any medium

Question 33

4.02 Discussing the Limits of Confidentiality

Answer 33

a) Discuss with person to extent feasible 1) limits of confidentiality and 2) foreseeable uses of information
b) Unless not feasible or contraindicated, discuss at the outset of the relationship
c) Psychologists who offer services, products, or information via electronic transmission inform clients of the risks to privacy

Question 34

4.03 Recording

Answer 34

Before recording voice/images of individuals, obtain permission from all such person or their legal representatives

Question 35

4.04 Minimizing Intrusions on privacy

Answer 35

a) Include in written/oral reports and consultation only information germane to the purpose of communication
b) Discuss confidential only for appropriate scientific or professional purposes

Question 36

4.05 Disclosures

Answer 36

a) Disclose confidential information with appropriate consent
b) Disclose confidential without the consent of the individual only as mandated by law, where permitted by law to 1) provide needed professional services, 2) obtain appropriate professional consultations, 3) protect the client or patient, 4) obtain payment for services

Question 37

4.06 Consultations

Answer 37

When consulting

1) do not disclose confidential info that reasonably could ID client
2) Disclose only to extent necessary to achieve purpose of consultation

Question 38

4.07 Use of confidential information for didactic/other purposes

Answer 38

Do not disclose in writing, lecture or other media, confidential or personally identifiable information unless they 1) take reasonable steps to disguise person/organization and 2) person/org has consented in writing, or 3) there is legal authorization for doing so

Question 39

5.01 Avoidance of false or deceptive statements

Answer 39

a) Public statements (paid or unpaid), endorsements, applications, brochures, etc, psychologist does not knowingly make public statements that are false or deceptive
b) Psych do not make false, deceptive, fraudulent statements about their training, experience, competence, academic degrees, credentials, association affiliations, services, scientific basis, or publications
c) Psych claim degrees as credentials for their health services if they were earned from a regionally accredited institution or were the basis for psych licensure in the state in which they practice

Question 40

5.02 Statements by others

Answer 40

a) Psych who engage others to create public satements or activities retain professional responsibility for such statements
b) Psych do not compensate employees of press, radio, TV, or other communication in return for publicity in a news item
c) Paid advertisement relating to psych activities must be identified and clearly recognizeable as such

Question 41

5.03 Descriptions of workshops and non-degree granting educational programs

Answer 41

To the degree in which they exercise control, psych responsible for announcements, catalogs, brochures, etc. accurately describe the audience for which the program is intended, educational objectives, presenters, and fees.

Question 42

5.04 Media Presentations

Answer 42

When psychologists provide public advice or comment they are 1) based on professional knowledge/training, 2) Consistent with ethics code, 3) do not indicate a professional relationship has been established

Question 43

5.05 Testimonials

Answer 43

Psych do not solicit testimonials from current therapy clients/patients or others who may be vulnerable to undue influence

Question 44

5.06 In-person solicitation

Answer 44

Psych do not engage, directly or through agents, uninvited in-person soliciataion. Prohibition does not preclude 1) attempting to implement appropriate collateral contacts for th epurpose of benefiting an already engaged therapy client or patient or 2) Providing disaster or community outreach services

Question 45

6.01 Documentation of Professional and scientific work and maintenace of records

Answer 45

Psychologists create and to extent they are under control, maintain, disseminate, store, retain and dispose of records to

1) facilitate provision of services later by them or other professionals
2) Allow for replication of research design and analyses
3) Meet institutional requirements
4) Ensure accuracy of billing and payments
5) Ensure compliance with law

Question 46

6.02 Maintenance, Dissemination, and dispoal of confidential records

Answer 46

a) Psychologists maintain confidentiality in creating, storing, accessing, transferring, and disposing of records under their control whether they are written, automated, or any other medium
b) If confidential information concerning recipients of psychological services is entered into databases or systems of record available to persons whose access has not been consented to by the recipient, psychologists use coding or other techniques to avoid the inclusion of personal identifiers
c) Psychologists make plans in advance to facilitate the appropriate trnsfer and to protect the confidentiality of records/data in the event of psychologists withdrawal from positions or practice

Question 47

6.03 Withholding records for nonpayment

Answer 47

Psychologists can’t withhold records under their control that are requested and needed for emergency treatment solely because payment has not been received

Question 48

6.04 Fees and Financial Agreements

Answer 48

a) As early as is feasible in professional/scientific relationship, agreement of services, compensation and billing is discussed
b) Psychologists fee practices are consisent with law
c) Psychologists do not misrepresent their fees
d) If limitations to services can be anticipated because of limitations in financing, this is discussed with the recipient of services as early as is feasible
e) if the recipient does not pay for services as agreed, and intend to use collection agencies/legal measures, must first inform person such measures will be taken

Question 49

6.05 Barter with clients/patients

Answer 49

Barter (acceptance of goods, services, other remuneration in return for psych services), Psychologists may barter only if:

1) Not clinical contraindicated
2) Resulting arrangement is not exploitative

Question 50

6.06 Accuracy in reports to payors and funding sources

Answer 50

In reports to payors for services or research funding, ensure you take reasonable steps to accurately report nature of service/research, fees, payments, where applicable, identity of provider, findings, and diagnosis