Appendix Flashcards
General Principles
Principle A: Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care to do no harm. Resolve conflict by minimizing harm.
General Principles
Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility
Establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work, be aware of their responsibilities to society and communities, uphold professional standards, clarify professional roles, manage conflicts of interest.
General Principles
Principle C: Integrity
Seek to promote accuracy, honesty, truthfulness in science, teaching and practice.
General Principles
Principle D: Justice
Psychologists recognize that fairness and justice entitle all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology, take precautions of bias, and limitations of expertise
General Principles
Principle E: Respect for people’s rights and dignity
Respect dignity of all peoples, rights to privacy and confidentiality, and awareness of safeguards to protect the rights and welfare of persons or communities whose vulnerabilities impair autonomous decision making
Ethical Standards
1.01 Misuse of psychologists work
If psychologists learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work, take reasonable steps to correct or minimize misuse.
Ethical Standards
1.02 Conflicts between ethics and law
If ethical responsibilities conflict with law/regulation, clarify the nature of the conflict, make known the commitment to the ethics code, take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict.
Under no circumstances may this standard be used to justify or defend violating human rights.
Ethical Standards
1.03 Conflicts between ethics and organizational demands
If demands of an organization are in conflict with ethics code, clarify nature of conflict, make known commitment to ethics code, take reasonable steps to resolve the conflict.
Ethical Standards
1.04 Informal resolution of ethical violations
If psychologists believes there may have been an ethical violation by another psychologist, attempt to resolve informally, if appropriate and does not violate any confidentiality rights
Ethical Standards
1.05 Reporting ethical violations
If an apparent ethical violation has substantially harmed or is likely to substantially harm a person or organization and is not appropriate for informal resolution, take further action such as referral to state/national committees on professional ethics, state licensing boards, or appropriate institutional authorities.
Ethical Standards
1.06 Cooperating with ethics committees
Psychologists cooperate in ethics investigations, proceedings, and resulting requirements with APA/affiliates. Failure to cooperate is an ethics violation. Request for deferment/adjudication of an ethics complaint pending outcome does not alone constitute noncooperation.
Ethical Standards
1.07 Improper Complaints
Psychologists do not file or encourage the filing of ethics complaints that are made with reckless disregard or willful ignorance of facts
Ethical Standards
1.08 Unfair Discrimination against complainants and respondents
Psychologists do not deny persons employment, advancement, admissions to academic/programs, tenure, promotion solely based on having been subject to an ethics complaint
Competence
Boundaries of Competence
a) Provide service, teach, research only in areas within boundaries of their competence based on education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience
b) Where scientific/professional knowledge establishes understanding of age, gender, identity, race, ethnicity, culture, orientation, disability, language, psychologists have o robtain the training, experience, consultation or supervision necessary to ensure the competence of their services
c) Psychologists planning to provide services, teach, or conduct research involving populations, techniques, or technologies new to them undertake relevant education, training, supervised experience, consultation, or study
d) When psychologists are asked to provide services to individuals for whom appropriate MH services are not available, and psychologist has not obtained competence/training, make reasonable effort to obtain competence required by using research, training, consultation or study
e) In emerging areas where standsards do not yet exist, take reasonable steps to ensure competence of their work to protect clients, students, supervisees, research participants, organizational clients, and others from harm
f) When assuming forensic roles, become reasonably familiar with judicial or administrative rules governing their roles
2.02 Providing Services in Emergencies
Psychologists provide services for whom other MH services are not available and for which psychologists have not obtained necessary training, psychologists may offer services in order to ensure that services are not denied and they are discontinued as soon as the emergency has ended or appropriate services are available.
2.03 Maintaining Competence
Pschologists undertake ongoing efforts to devleop and maintain their competence
2.04 Bases for scientific and professional judgments
Psychologists work is based upon established scientific and profesional knowledge (competence)
2.05 Delegation of work to others
Psychologists who delegate work to employees, supervisees, resarch to TA’s etc.
1) Avoid delegating work to persons who have multipler relationship or could lead to exploitation
2) Authorize only those responsibilities that such persons can be expected to perform competently on the basis of their education, training, or experience
3. See that such persons perform these services competently
2.06 Personal Problems and Conflicts
a) Psychologists refrain from initiating an activity when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that their personal problems will prevent them from performing their work-related activities in a competent manner
b) When psychologists become aware of personal problems that may interfere with their work adequately, take appropriate measures, obtain consultation/assistance, and determine whether they should limit suspend or terminate their work duties
3.01 Unfair Discrimination
In work-related activities, psychologists do not discriminate based on gender, identity, age, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability, SES
3.02 Sexual Harassment
Psychologists do not engage in sexual harassment, sexual solicitation, physical advances
3.03 Other Harassment
Psychologists do not knowingly engage in behavior that is harassing or demeaning to persons with whom they interact int heir work based on factors such as those persons age, gender, identity, race, etc.
3.04 Avoiding Harm
a) Take reasonable steps to avoid harming clients, students, supervisees, and minimize harm where it is foreseeable and unavoidable
b) Psychologists do not participate in, facilitate, assist, or otherwise engage in torture, defined as any act by which severe pain or suffering, physical or mental, intentionally inflicted
3.05 Multiple Relationships
a) When psych is in a professional role w/ a person and same time in another role, closely associated with the person, or promises to enter into another relatinosihp in the future with the person
b) If psych sees that due to unforeseen factors a potentially harmful multiple relationship has arisen, take reasonable steps to resolve it
c) When psychologists are required by law, institutional policy, or extraordinary circumstances to serve in more than one role they clarify role expectations at the outset
3.06 Conflict of Interest
Refrain from taking a professional role when personal, scientific, professional, legal, financial or other interests could be reasonably expected to impair objectivity, competence, effectiveness, or exposre the person to harm or exploitation
3.07 Third party request for services
When psychologists agree to provide services to person or entity at the request of a third party, psychologists attempt to clarify at the outset of the service the nature of the relationship with all individuals or organizations involved
3.08 Exploitative Relationships
Psych do not exploit persons whom they have supervisory, evaluative, or other authority such as clients, students, supervisee, employee
3.09 Cooperation with other professionals
When indicated and appropriate, cooperate w/ other professionals to serve clients effectively and appropriately.
3.10 Informed Consent
a) When provide assessment, therapy, research, consulting, via all forms of communication, obtain informed consent of individual(s) using language that is reasonable to understand
b) For person legally incapable of giving informed consent, 1) Provide explanation, 2) Seek assent, 3) Consider persons preferences and best interests, 4) Obtain appropriate permission from legally authorized person
c) When psychological services are court ordered or mandated, inform the individual the nature of the services, limits of confidentiality, documentation
3.11 Psychological services delivered to or through organizations
a) Provide information beforehand to clients 1) nature and objectives of the service, 2) intended recipients, 3) which individuals are clients, 4) relationship psych will have with each person and org, 5) probable use of services provided, 6) who will have access to the information, and 7) limits of confidentiality
b) Precluded by law/organizational roles from providing such information to particular grouops/individuals so inform those individuals at the outset of the service
3.12 Interruption of psychological services
Unless otherwise covered by conract, make reasonable efforts to plan for facilitating services in the event of unavailability, relocation, retirement.
4.01 Maintaining confidentiality
Primary obligation and take reasonable precautions to protect confidential information obtained through or stored in any medium
4.02 Discussing the Limits of Confidentiality
a) Discuss with person to extent feasible 1) limits of confidentiality and 2) foreseeable uses of information
b) Unless not feasible or contraindicated, discuss at the outset of the relationship
c) Psychologists who offer services, products, or information via electronic transmission inform clients of the risks to privacy
4.03 Recording
Before recording voice/images of individuals, obtain permission from all such person or their legal representatives
4.04 Minimizing Intrusions on privacy
a) Include in written/oral reports and consultation only information germane to the purpose of communication
b) Discuss confidential only for appropriate scientific or professional purposes
4.05 Disclosures
a) Disclose confidential information with appropriate consent
b) Disclose confidential without the consent of the individual only as mandated by law, where permitted by law to 1) provide needed professional services, 2) obtain appropriate professional consultations, 3) protect the client or patient, 4) obtain payment for services
4.06 Consultations
When consulting
1) do not disclose confidential info that reasonably could ID client
2) Disclose only to extent necessary to achieve purpose of consultation
4.07 Use of confidential information for didactic/other purposes
Do not disclose in writing, lecture or other media, confidential or personally identifiable information unless they 1) take reasonable steps to disguise person/organization and 2) person/org has consented in writing, or 3) there is legal authorization for doing so
5.01 Avoidance of false or deceptive statements
a) Public statements (paid or unpaid), endorsements, applications, brochures, etc, psychologist does not knowingly make public statements that are false or deceptive
b) Psych do not make false, deceptive, fraudulent statements about their training, experience, competence, academic degrees, credentials, association affiliations, services, scientific basis, or publications
c) Psych claim degrees as credentials for their health services if they were earned from a regionally accredited institution or were the basis for psych licensure in the state in which they practice
5.02 Statements by others
a) Psych who engage others to create public satements or activities retain professional responsibility for such statements
b) Psych do not compensate employees of press, radio, TV, or other communication in return for publicity in a news item
c) Paid advertisement relating to psych activities must be identified and clearly recognizeable as such
5.03 Descriptions of workshops and non-degree granting educational programs
To the degree in which they exercise control, psych responsible for announcements, catalogs, brochures, etc. accurately describe the audience for which the program is intended, educational objectives, presenters, and fees.
5.04 Media Presentations
When psychologists provide public advice or comment they are 1) based on professional knowledge/training, 2) Consistent with ethics code, 3) do not indicate a professional relationship has been established
5.05 Testimonials
Psych do not solicit testimonials from current therapy clients/patients or others who may be vulnerable to undue influence
5.06 In-person solicitation
Psych do not engage, directly or through agents, uninvited in-person soliciataion. Prohibition does not preclude 1) attempting to implement appropriate collateral contacts for th epurpose of benefiting an already engaged therapy client or patient or 2) Providing disaster or community outreach services
6.01 Documentation of Professional and scientific work and maintenace of records
Psychologists create and to extent they are under control, maintain, disseminate, store, retain and dispose of records to
1) facilitate provision of services later by them or other professionals
2) Allow for replication of research design and analyses
3) Meet institutional requirements
4) Ensure accuracy of billing and payments
5) Ensure compliance with law
6.02 Maintenance, Dissemination, and dispoal of confidential records
a) Psychologists maintain confidentiality in creating, storing, accessing, transferring, and disposing of records under their control whether they are written, automated, or any other medium
b) If confidential information concerning recipients of psychological services is entered into databases or systems of record available to persons whose access has not been consented to by the recipient, psychologists use coding or other techniques to avoid the inclusion of personal identifiers
c) Psychologists make plans in advance to facilitate the appropriate trnsfer and to protect the confidentiality of records/data in the event of psychologists withdrawal from positions or practice
6.03 Withholding records for nonpayment
Psychologists can’t withhold records under their control that are requested and needed for emergency treatment solely because payment has not been received
6.04 Fees and Financial Agreements
a) As early as is feasible in professional/scientific relationship, agreement of services, compensation and billing is discussed
b) Psychologists fee practices are consisent with law
c) Psychologists do not misrepresent their fees
d) If limitations to services can be anticipated because of limitations in financing, this is discussed with the recipient of services as early as is feasible
e) if the recipient does not pay for services as agreed, and intend to use collection agencies/legal measures, must first inform person such measures will be taken
6.05 Barter with clients/patients
Barter (acceptance of goods, services, other remuneration in return for psych services), Psychologists may barter only if:
1) Not clinical contraindicated
2) Resulting arrangement is not exploitative
6.06 Accuracy in reports to payors and funding sources
In reports to payors for services or research funding, ensure you take reasonable steps to accurately report nature of service/research, fees, payments, where applicable, identity of provider, findings, and diagnosis
