Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

List the 7 major similarities between the upper and lower appendicular skeleton

Answer 1

1. Girdle: pectoral vs. pelvic
2. Single proximal long bone: humerus vs. femur
3. Paired Long bones: ulna & radius vs. tibia & fibula
4. Short bones: carpals vs. tarsals
5. 5 Long bones: metacarpals vs. metatarsals
6. 14 long bones: phalanges
7. Sesamoid bones: patella, 2 in each foot, less common on hands

Question 2

What 2 bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 2

Clavicle and scapula

Question 3

What is the difference between the epicondyle and condyle?

Answer 3

The epicondyle is a projection on the condyle. The epicondyle provides a site for the attachment of muscles.
The condyle forms an articulation with another bone

Question 4

Describe the elbow joint:

Answer 4

• articulation of the humerus with the ulna and radius
• capitulum with head of radius= humeroradial joint
• trochlea with trochlear notch of ulna = humeroulna joint

Question 5

Describe the forearm : radius and ulna

Answer 5

• ulna medial, radius lateral
• ulna larger specialised proximally
• radius expands distally and extends more distally than the ulna

Question 6

Describe the Patella

Answer 6

• located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle group articulates with the femur
• tibiofemoral joint= articulation between the tibia and femur
• the fibula doesn’t take part in the knee joint

Question 7

Describe the main differences between the 2 girdles

Answer 7

Pectoral - 2 separate bones on each side

Pelvic - 3 fused bones on each side