Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
How is the appendicular skeleton made up oh
Of all the bones of the limbs, together with the bony girdles that anchor them to the axial skeleton
What parts are included in the appendicular girdle
- pectoral girdle
- upper limbs
- pelvic girdle
- lower limbs
what is the pectoral girdle made up of
- clavicle
* scapula
elaborate of the clavicle
- It is the collar bone, a long slender S-shaped bone
- One end articulates with the sternum and the other end with the acromium of the scapula.
THIS IS THE ONLY ATTACHMENT OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE TO THE AXIAL SKELETON
Elaborate on the scapula
• the shoulder blade, a triangular bone
NOT ATTACHED TO THE AXIAL SKELETON
• but moves over the ribs at the back (posteriorly)
How many bones make up the upper limb
30 separate bones
Explain how the upper arm is made up
- it’s made up of a typical long bone (the humerus)
- The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula at the shoulder (forming a ball and socket joint)
- The forearm is made up of the two parallel long bones, the radius and ulna
what do the ulna and radius articulate more with
Ulna with the humerus
Radius with the carpal bones
why is it easy to dislocate a shoulder
The upper arm has extreme mobility due to the shallow ball and socket joint (glenoid cavity) and the only clavicle is attached to the axial skeleton, whereas the scapula that is not attached to the axial skeleton can move quite freely across the thorax, allowing the arm to move with it
LABEL THE UPPER LIMP
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How is the hand made up
• of 27 bones which are divided into three groups
- the carpals (in the wrist)
- the metacarpals (in the palm)
- the phalanges (in the fingers and thumb)
During childhood and adulthood how does the pelvic girdle change
during childhood the pelvic girdle is made up of three bones:
- the ilium (the hip bone)
- the ischium (the sitting bone)
- the pubis (the two bones which join in the front by means of punic symphysis)
in adulthood these bones became fused for strength and are then called the focal bones, although the may still be referred to by their individual names
What are the functions of the pelvic girdle
- to attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
- To transmit the weight of the upperbody to the lower limbs
- To support and protect the organs with in the pelvic area
- To provide attachment points for the muscles that move the lower limbs
How is the pelvic girdle attached to the axial skeleton
It is attached by some of the strongest ligaments in the body which forms a very secure and strong base for the articulation of the legs
How is the hip joint formed
by the head of the femur articulating within a deep, cup-like socket, called the acetabulum (formed at the point of fusion between the three hip bones)
