Appearance norms

Question 1

What is the Golden ratio

Answer 1

A measure of beauty based on facial symmetry
People with good facial symmetry have good health and an easier time finding a mate
However, it turns Gods gift of beauty into a scientific rule

Question 2

What is meant by appearance norms?

Answer 2

The socially constructed standards of beauty and attractiveness that society values and enforces

Question 3

who do appearance norms benefit?

Answer 3

Those that are capable of conforming to beauty standards, industries that profit from beauty standards

Question 4

What were the Ugly laws?

Answer 4

They were laws that targeted the “unsightly” during the late 19th and early 20th century. They were put in place to remove the unsightly or deformed from the public view.

Question 5

What was the city of Chicago Ordinance 1911?

Answer 5

An Ugly Law. The point of this law was to exclude individuals from public spaces based on their physical appearance.

Question 6

What was the point of the ugly laws?

Answer 6

They equate physical appearance with moral character and social worth. they emphasize social control

Question 7

What were Freak Shows?

Answer 7

These were shows that exploited “unsightly” individuals for profit by putting them on display. It highlighted the uncomfortableness with people who deviated from appearance norms.

Question 8

What does Erving Goffman say about Ugly laws?

Answer 8

He connects them to the idea of stigmatization. A poor reaction to physical differences can lead to stigmatization and social exclusion of individuals

Question 9

What is stigma?

Answer 9

A powerful negative label assigned to individuals who possess traits that deviate from social norms

Question 10

What is discredited stigma

Answer 10

Situations where an individuals difference or deviation from social norms is readily apparent or easily perceived.
They face significant challenges in how people view them

Question 11

What is discreditable Stigma?

Answer 11

Situation where an individuals difference or deviation from social norms is not immediately apparent but has the ability to be discovered through interaction or revelation.
This means that the individual must manage the possibility of their stigma being revealed and face the negative judgements for it.
These stigmas could be mental health related, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, or chronic illness

Question 12

How do you manage discreditable stigma?

Answer 12

Passing: attempting to completely conceal their stigmatized attribute or experience in order to be perceived as belonging to a non-stigmatized group. This involves presenting oneself in a way that aligns with social norms and expectations
Covering: Acknowledging the stigma but attempting to minimize its prominence or impact

Question 13

What is xenophobia?

Answer 13

A term that reflects fear of the stranger. This fear is often directed towards individuals or groups perceived as different

Question 14

What are some examples of xenophobia?

Answer 14

Racism: Xenophobia against people of other races and nationalities.
Jewish People: Anti-semitism is xenophobia targeting Jewish people.
Indigenous peoples: Colonisation and assimilation was an act of xenophobia

Question 15

what roles do appearance norms play in xenophobia?

Answer 15

This fear is the fear of the stranger, as they appear difference. This is fuelled by appearance norms, since people are excluded from these appearance norms

Question 16

what is lookism?

Answer 16

Discrimination based on appearance. This means judging people unfairly based on how they look.
One way it operates is by attributing moral qualities to people based on their looks. People will associate bad features with negative traits.

Question 17

How does lookism relate to social class?

Answer 17

Lookism is also connected to social class, as people with more money have more access to resources that can enhance their appearance.
they also can afford healthier food and exercise equipment to maintain a healthier physicque

Question 18

How is lookism in the workplace?

Answer 18

There is particularly lookism for women in the workplace who face pressure to conform to dominant beauty norms.

Question 19

how does lookism play a role in xenophobia?

Answer 19

Physical differences can be used to mark an individual as different and fuel xenophobic attitudes.

Question 20

What does Kate Fox say about the Body and Society

Answer 20

All cultures place a focus on the body and outward appearance. This highlights the universality of appearance norms.
The ways in which we define bodily deviance change over time. Whats defined as deviant in one era is defined as normalized or celebrated in another.
An example of this is tattooing. It was once criticized and now it is celebrated.

Question 21

What are some theme in the presentation of the body on contemporary media?

Answer 21

appearance is often used to judge and value individuals. The media also presents the body as something to be commodified.
The media reinforces narrow definitions of beauty and normalcy
It often presents unrealistic and unattainable body ideals
The enduring power of societal beauty standards and the pressure to conform to them.
This effects our self esteem

Question 22

What is voluntary and involuntary appearance?

Answer 22

Some forms of appearance are voluntarily adopted. For example, hairstyle, clothing, ect. Some forms of voluntary appearance choices can be deemed as deviant. They may also be stigmatized
There is also involuntary appearance, which is things like height, how big your nose is, ect. They may still be stigmatized.

Question 23

What are body projects?

Answer 23

Ways each of us adapts, changes, or controls characteristics of our bodies

Question 24

What are camouflaging projects?

Answer 24

Everyday ways we control the appearance pf our bodies in order to adhere to cultural norms, such as through makeup, clothing, and hairstyle

Question 25

What are extending projects?

Answer 25

Projects that attempt to overcome ones physical limitations, like using contact lenses or a cane

Question 26

What are adapting projects?

Answer 26

They alter the appearance of the body in more effortful ways, like with bodybuilding or weight loss.

Question 27

What are redesigning projects?

Answer 27

They create permanent changes in the body through invasive methods like cosmetic surgery or tattooing

Question 28

What is master status?

Answer 28

Howard Becker discussed this. It is the primary label we attach to a person that defines who the person is.

Question 29

What is establish femininity?

Answer 29

Embodies the dominant cultural construction pf what a female body should look like. Some women use tattooing to enhance this

Question 30

What is resistant femininity?

Answer 30

Opposes dominant gender ideLA, AND THEREBY SERVES AS A FORM OF RESISTANCE TO EXISTING STRUCTURES OF POWER IN SOCIETY. Some women use tattooing to enhance this