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Eddie - IGCSE Chemistry > Apparatus > Flashcards

Apparatus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a burette

A

Used for accurately measuring the volume of a liquid in cm3 usually during a titration

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2
Q

What is a measuring cylinder

A

Used for measuring the volume of a liquid

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3
Q

What is a volumetric pipette

A

Used to accurately measure out a fixed volume of liquid

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4
Q

What is a beaker

A

Used for containing liquids during a reaction (can also be used to measure the approximate volume of a liquid in cm3 or dm3)

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5
Q

What is a conical flask

A

Used for containing liquids during a reaction, particularly when performing titrations

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6
Q

What is a thermometer

A

Used for measuring tempurature in degrees Celsius

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7
Q

What is a weighing balance

A 
used to measure mass in grams (g)
or kilograms (kg)
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8
Q

What are four pieces of apparatus for measuring volumes in order of their accuracy

A 
Most accurate to least accurate
Volumetric pipette
Burette
Measuring cylinder
Beaker
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9
Q

What type of gas can you collect in an upward displacement of air, downward displacement of air, over water, gas syringe

A

Upward - Co2, So2, HCl;
Downward - NH3. H2
Overwater - CO2, H2, O2
Gas syringe - any gas

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10
Q

What is an independant variable

A

The only thing that you change as you do the experiment

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11
Q

What is a dependant variable

A

The thing that you measure in an experiment

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12
Q

What is a control variable

A

The thing which must be kept constant to ensure your results are valid

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13
Q

define solute

A

the substance you dissolve in a liquid to make a solution

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14
Q

define solvent

A

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

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15
Q

define saturated solution

A

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve

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16
Q

define precipitate

A

an insoluble chemical produced in a chemical reaction

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17
Q

define pure substance

A

a material containing only one substance

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18
Q

define impurity

A

an unwanted substance, mixed in with the substance you want

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19
Q

How is CO2 prepared and tested for

A

react with calcium carbonate which dilute hcl

Test is if it turns limewater milky

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20
Q

How is Hydrogen prepared and tested for

A

It is prepared by reacting zinc with dilute hcl

Test is a squeaky pop with a lit splint

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21
Q

How is oxygen prepared and tested for

A

Prepared by mixing hydrogen peroxide with manganese oxide and test is if it relights a glowing splint

22
Q

How is ammonia tested for

A

turns damp red litmus paper blue

23
Q

How is chlorine tested for

A

bleaches damp litmus paper

24
Q

How is sulphur dioxide tested for

A

decolourises filter paper which has been dipped into purple acidified potassium manganate (VII)

25
Q

What are two tests for water

A
  1. )Cobalt chloride paper turns blue to pink when water is added
  2. )Anhydrous copper sulfate turns white to blue when water is added
26
Q

how to test for chloride ions

A

add silver and it will form a white precipitiate

27
Q

how to test for bromide ions

A

add silver and it will form a cream precipitate

28
Q

how to test for iodide ions

A

add silver and it will form a yellow precipitate

29
Q

how to test for carbonate ions

A

add dilute hcl

Carbon dioxide produced (effervescence). CO2 turns limewater cloudy

30
Q

how to test for sulfate ions

A

add dilute hcl
add barium nitrate solution
white precipitate of barium sulfate produced

31
Q

how to test for nitrate ions

A

Add sodium hydroxide solution followed by small pieces of aluminium foil

warm gently

ammonia gas is given off (this turns damp red litmus paper blue)

32
Q

how to test for sulphite ions

A

Acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid
warm gently

sulfur dioxide gas produced

33
Q

What colour is the flame test for lithium ions

A

red

34
Q

what colour is the flame test for sodium ions

A

orange/yellow

35
Q

what colour is the flame test for potassium ions

A

lilac

36
Q

what colour is the flame test for copper (ii) ions

A

blue/green

37
Q

how to test for copper (ii)

A

with sodium hydroxide - light blue precipitate, insoluble in excess

with ammonia - light blue precipitate, soluble in excess, gives dark blue solution

38
Q

how to test for iron (ii)

A

sodium hydroxide - green precipitate, insoluble in excess

with ammonia - green precipitate, insoluble in excess

39
Q

how to test for iron (iii)

A

with sodium hydroxide - red-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess

with ammonia - red-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess

40
Q

how to test for chromium (iii)

A

with sodium hydroxide - green precipitate, soluble in excess

with ammonia - grey-green precipitate insoluble in excess

41
Q

how to test calcium

A

with sodium hydroxide - white precipitate, insoluble in excess

with ammonia - white precipitate (slight), or nothing at all

42
Q

how to test for zinc

A

white precipitate, soluble in excess

white precipitate, soluble in excess

43
Q

how to test for aluminium

A

white precipitate, soluble in excess

white precipitate, insoluble in excess

44
Q

how to test for ammonium ions

A

Add sodium hydroxide
warm gently

positive result - ammonia gas released, which turns damp red litmus paper blue

45
Q

what is filtration used for

A

separates an insoluble solid for a liquid

46
Q

what is evaporation used for

A

separates a solute from its solution

47
Q

what is crystallisation used for

A

separates a solute from its solution, as crystals

48
Q

what is distillation used for

A

separates a solvent from a solution

49
Q

what is fractional distillation used for

A

separates liquids with different boiling points from each other

50
Q

what is chromotography

A

separates compounds which can be identified based on their rf values

Eddie - IGCSE Chemistry (5 decks)

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