App flash cards - 2
What kind of contracture develops with burns to the shoulder/axilla area
Shoulder adduction
And
Shoulder IR
What is the purpose of a shoulder sling
Emphasis on immobilization
Used for shoulder pain of subluxation
What is a airplane splint
Holds the arm in abd and the elbow at 90-degrees of flexion
Protects the shoulder against and add contracture
Primarily used for burns effecting the shoulder and axialla region
What is a c-bar splint
Hand finger splint used to promote thumb abduction and opposition
Facilitates hand function when weakness exists
What is a c-bar splint
Hand splint used to promote thumb abd and opposition
Facilitate hand function when weakness is present
Used following survey to promote tissue healing and immobilization if the thumb
What is a Hemi arm sling
Vertical arm sling that uses huméral cuff with figure 8 suspension to provide vertical upward force to support the humerus
Used for shoulder sublexation
What is a Hickman catheter
Inserted through the internal jugular vein and threaded through to the superior vena cava and right atrium
Used for long term administration of substances through the venous system
What is a super public catheter
Urinary catheter that is inserted directly into the bladder
What is Charcot Marie tooth disease
Heritary disorder characterized by motor and sensory neuropathy, progressive muscle wasting, and finished deep tendon reflexes
Initially effects ankle dorsiflexors - foot drop, steppage gait pattern
As it progresses it involves the intrinsic muscle of the hands resulting in issues with fine motor tasks
What is cerebral palsy
Neuromuscular disorder of posture and controlled movement
The clinical presentation is variable based on the location and extent of CBS damage
What are the general characteristics of cerebral palsy
Motor delays
Abnormal muscle tone and control
Reflex abnormalities
Poor postural control
Hip dislocation
Balance impairments
What is a festinating gait pattern
Pt walks in their toes as if they have been pushed
Often seen with Parkinson’s
Gait speed: start slow, increases in speed, May continue this way until a pt grasps a object and stops
What is an equines gait
Occurs due to a shorter gastric and soleus - often due to sapcity in these muscles
Produce Dave a gait where pt walks in toes due to PF position of the ankle
What is a steppage gait due to
Loss of DF
Therefore the other has to take high steps to cleared their foot
Heart transplant and HR
Heart rate is less valid following transplant because of the heart unusual response to exercise
What is the function of ACE inhibitors
Agents to decrease BP
Used to treat HTN and CHF
What is hypokalemia
Decreased K in the blood
Sym: muscle cramps, weakness or fatigue
Rectal temp vs oral tempt
Recap temp should be .5-1.0 higher then oral
What is a partial thickness wound
Extends through the epidermis and possible into by not through the dermis
Examples: abrasions, skin tear, blister
Wound granulation
Perfused , fibrous connective tissue that replaces a fibrin clot in a healing wound
What are CT scans mostly used for
Spinal lesions
And
Diagnostic studies of the brain
What is a myelography
The second combines fluoroscopy
Radiology to evaluate the spinal subacromial space
What is a myelography
The second combines fluoroscopy
Radiology to evaluate the spinal subacromial space
What is a myelography used to ID
Bone displacement
Disk herniation
Spinal cord compression
Tumors
What is a myelography used to ID
Bone displacement
Disk herniation
Spinal cord compression
Tumors
What is a fluoroscopy
Designed to show motion in the body using X-ray imaging and injection of contrast dye
Can show motion in the joints and movement of dye through the digestive tract
What is hemophilia
A condition in which the blood does not clot in the way it is supposed to
Russian prince
What is the main drug for the treatment of ALS
Riluzole (rilutek)
Extends a persons life 2-3 months
What is hypothyroidism
A result of reduced secretions from the parathyroid gland
This results in decreased Ca in the blood (hypocalemia) and decreased phosphorus (hypophosphatemia)
What are the symptoms of if hypothyroidism
Lethargy
Cog deficits
Arrhythmias
Seizure
Tetany
Muscle pain
Muscle cramps
What is tetany
a symptom that involves involuntary muscle contractions and overly stimulated peripheral nerve
What is Graves’ disease
A disorder of the immune system that causes the thyroid gland to make to much thyroid hormone - hyperthyroidism
What are the sym of Graves’ disease
Heat intolerance
Nervous
Weight loss
Tremor
Palpations
What is Cushing syndrome
When the body produces too much cortisol
What are the symptoms of Cushing syndrome
fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face( fat deposits around the face), and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin.
What is a primary impairment -NS
The direct results of CNS damage
Such a loss of motor intervention and subsequent paralysis due to SC damage
What is secondary impairment-CNS
Do not directly result for CNS damage but from the primary impairments
EX: developing a contracture 2/2 lack of active motion and pro long stationary positioning
What is secondary prevention
Aim to diagnose a condition in the early stages and prevent complications from occurring
What is delirium
A form of transient cognitive behavior impairment that subsides once the controlling factor is removed
What is mild cognitive impairment
Having lower then expected cognitive performance compared to others in their age group
Non progressive and normally does in impact ADLs
How often should you use incentive spirometers
Every 1-2 hours
How often should you use incentive spirometers
Every 1-2 hours
5-10 breaths every hour one is awake
What is the point of incentive spirometery
To encourage pt to take long deep breaths to max ventilation
What is cor plumulea
Right sided HF
Hypertrophiât of the right ventricles caused by altered function of the lungs
Leads to suspens with exertion, swelling in the LE, dizziness and syncope
What is tetralogy of fallot
A term used to describe a combo of four heart defects
Ventricle septum defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Aorta overdosing the ventricular defect
What are the symptoms of associated with tetralogy of fallot
Cyanosis of the skin
SOB
Fairing
Clubbing of feet or hands
Poor weight gain
Irritability
What is the action of calcium channel blockers
Decreased myocardial contraction
Vasodilation
Decreased oxygen demand of the heart
What are calcium channel blockers used to treat
Angina
Arrthy
HTN
CHF
What are the three stages of motor learning
Cognitive stage (initial stage)
Associative stage (intermediate)
Autonomous (final stage)
What are the three stages of motor learning
Cognitive stage (initial stage)
Associative stage (intermediate)
Autonomous (final stage)
What is needed for someone I a a cognitive stage of learning
The pt is easily distracted
what is transverse friction massage
is a technique in which the thumb and index finger are used to exert ontense pressure in a direction perpendicular to the muscle fibers
normally with the tendon placed on slight stretch
what is tapotement
this is a technique which consist of a series of brisk blows
administered with relaxed hands
tubigrip versus tedhoses
tubigrip: used for increased edma
tedhose: reduce DVT1 and to promote increased blood flow velocity2,3,4 in the legs
what is petrissage
technique that consist of a series of kneading manipulations that press and roll the muscles under the fingers or hands
helps to break up adhesion between the skin and underlying tissue
improves venous and lymphatic return
what is connective tissue massgae
a stroking technique that uses the pad of the middle and ring fingers
used to treat numerous arteriol and venous disorders
Bug movements are an intervention for what neurological disease
Parkinson’s
What is the cause of Parkinson’s
A reduce of dopemamine within the substaia nigra
What is sensory integration therapy
Commonly used with children who have learning disabilities to help with sensory processing impairments
Ex: bouncing and spinning
Thought to help organize the sensory system by providing vestibular, auditory, and tactile inputs
What is the action of the glute max
Hip ext
What is the flute max gait
an abnormal gait pattern that occurs when the gluteus maximus muscle is weak.
When the gluteus maximus is weak, the trunk will lurch backward and extend at the heel strike on the weakened side, interrupting the trunk’s forward motion.
This compensates for the weakness in hip extension
what is the highest level of spinal cord injury that allows for for household amb using KAFO/AFO combo
L3 paraplegia
why is household amb not possible for someone w/ an injury higher then L3
the lack of quadriceps innervation
L1 innervation spinal cord injury
have full innervation of the abd and intercostals
min hip flexion is present
autonomic dysreflexia occurs at what levels and above
T6 and above
what orthotic device do those w/ L5 SCI normal have
bilateral AFOs
sued to amb household and community distances
What is Klinefelter syndrome
This is an aneuplodiy
Where a male is born with at least one extra X
What is iontophoresis
This is when transcutaneous ions are delivered into the body for therapeutic purposes through an electrical current
Maily used for excessive sweating
What is iontophoresis
This is when transcutaneous ions are delivered into the body for therapeutic purposes through an electrical current
Maily used for excessive sweating
What can acetic acid be used for
Treatment of myotosis ossification
What is myotosis ossification
condition that causes bone to form inside a muscle or other soft tissue after an injury
What is myotosis ossification
condition that causes bone to form inside a muscle or other soft tissue after an injury
Liodocaine used for
Local anesthetic used to treat tissue pain
What is Mg sulfate used for
Muscle relaxant
Used to treatment muscle spasms
Who is an ultralight wheel chair indicated for
Active person who does not need postural support
What is a Hemi wheel chair
Designed to be lower to the ground so pts can self propel w/ their LE
What is internal validity
The relationship between the independent and dependent variables and determines if a causal relationship exists between the two
the extent to which you can be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship established in a study cannot be explained by other factors
What is external validity
Examines the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized beyond the study sample to a great population
What is contract and relax
A technique used to increase ROM
As the extremity reaches the point of restriction the pt performs a max contraction with PT resistance for 8-10 secs
Relaxation follows
What is the hold and relax technique
Isometric contraction used to increase ROM
Contraction is faciliter that the limiting point of ROM
What is rhythmic stabilization
Used to increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions
Requires isometric contraction of all the muscles around the joint against progressive resistance
The pt then relaxes
What is rhythmic stabilization
Used to increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions
Requires isometric contraction of all the muscles around the joint against progressive resistance
The pt then relaxes
What is the difference between isometric and isotonic
Isometric: same length (plank)
Isotonic: change in length (push-ups)
Alzheimer’s is more popular and what type of population 
Older and female
What is a vertbroplasty
A mim invasive procedure used to stabilize vert compression fractures often caused my osteoporosis
What is a vertbroplasty
A mim invasive procedure used to stabilize vert compression fractures often caused my osteoporosis
What is a vertbroplasty
A mim invasive procedure used to stabilize vert compression fractures often caused my osteoporosis
What is a kyphoplasty
Uses a special ballon to restore vert height and the space created in the vert is filled with bone cement
What is rinne’s test
A hearing test
The examiner holds the vibrating tunning fork against the mastoid process until the sounds is no longer heard by the pt
The normal ratio to air conduction to bone conduction is 2:1
Can we change number of muscle fiber we have
No we have a set amount but you can changes the muscle fiber size and muscle mass
Can we change number of muscle fiber we have
No we have a set amount but you can changes the muscle fiber size and muscle mass
Do pts with spins bodies often need shunts
Yes due to hydrocephalus
What are the symptoms of shunt dysfunction
Headache
Fever
Decreased activity
What is athetosis
Characterized by extraneous movements, slowness of movements, and alteration in muscle tone
Look worm like with a rotary component
Occurs with damage to the Basal ganglia
What kind of nystagmus is normally seen with cerebella’s lesion
Gaze evoked nys
This can occur unilaterally or bilaterally depending on the lesion the cerebellum
What is dysmetria
Occurs with cerebella’s lesions
Occurs with the inability to reach an approximate target
What is dysdiadokinsiea
Occur with cerebella’s lesions
The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
What is dysdiadokinsiea
Occur with cerebella’s lesions
The inability to perform rapidly alternating movements
Can we rely on girth to quantify someone strength
No a formal muscle test should be taken
Can we rely on girth to quantify someone strength
No a formal muscle test should be taken
What is lateral epicondylistis
Inflammation and degenerative changes to the common extensor tendon
What is lateral epicondylistis
Inflammation and degenerative changes to the common extensor tendon
