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Summer NPTE random > App flash cards - 1 > Flashcards

App flash cards - 1

1
Q

Braden scale

A

Used to assess a pt risk for developing a pressure ulcer
Out of 23
The lower the score the higher the risk of developing a pressure wound

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2
Q

What test can be used to test for an arterial wound

A

ABI

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3
Q

What is compared in ABI

A

The systolic blood pressure in your arm compared to your ankle to see if pt has PAD

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4
Q

What scale is used to classify neuropathic ulcers

A

Wagner ulcer grade class

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5
Q

What is dependent edema

A

When there is an increase in extra cellular fluid volume in dependent areas

Dependent areas - area below the heart (feet and ankles)

Most likely due to excess fluid

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6
Q

What are distended viens and what can cause them

A

When there is an accumulation of blood in viens returning to the heart

CHF

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7
Q

What is orthopnea

A

The inability to breath unless sitting up of standing

Associated with a fluid overload

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8
Q

What temp should hot pack be stored

A

158-167 f
70-75 c

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9
Q

How many towel layers should be applied

A

6-8 layers

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10
Q

What is the trans-theoretical model

A

Model of intention to change that focuses on the decision making process

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11
Q

What is hypervolemia

A

Conditions in which there is too much volume in the blood

Common causes - liver failure, CHF, kidney failure, burns

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12
Q

What is heterotrophs ossification

A

The spontaneous formation of bone in the soft tissue

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13
Q

What is the FIM

A

Used in rehab hospital to determine a pt level of disability and burden of care

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14
Q

Tinette performance oriented mobility assessment

A

Balance - sit to stand and standing section

Gait- normal and rapid speeds

Score:28, 19 fall risk

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15
Q

What is the fugal Myer assessment

A

Used to measure recovery post CVA

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16
Q

Barthel index

A

Designed to measure the amount of assistance needed to perform 10 different ADL and mobility activities

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17
Q

What are some risk factors for heat illness

A

Age extremes

Excessive muscle mass- obese individuals

Previous heat illness

Salt or water depletion

Acute or chronic illness

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18
Q

What is heart failure

A

What the heart cannot maintain its normal CO which is required to meet the bodies demand for blood and oxygen

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19
Q

Wagner ulcer classification: 1

A

Superficial ulcer w/o any subcutaneous tissue involvement

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20
Q

Wagner ulcer classification: 2

A

Ulcer penetrates the subcutaneous tissue with possible exposure to the bone, tendon of ligament capsule

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21
Q

Wagner ulcer classification: 3

A

Grade 2 ulcer the has progressed into bone inflammation or infection

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22
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection

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23
Q

Wagner ulcer classification: 4

A

Grade 3 ulcer that has progressed and resulted in gangrene of the digit

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24
Q

What is the most appropriate artery to plate on an infant

A

The brachial artery

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25
Q

Glasgow coma scale: scoring

A

<8 severe injury

9 - 12 moderate brain injury

13 - 15 mild brain injury

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26
Q

What are the sections of the Glasgow coma scale

A

Eye, motor, verbal

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27
Q

What is a Hickman catheter

A

It is a catheter that inserts into the right atrium of the heart

The catheter permits the removal of blood samples, administration of medication, and monitoring of central venous pressure

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28
Q

What is a swan-ganz catheter

A

Soft flexible catheter that is inserted through a bien and then through a pulmonary artery

Used to monitor continuous pulmonary arterial pressure

Pt should avoid activities that increase pressure on catheter arterial site

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29
Q

What is an arterial line

A

A monitored device that consist of a catheter that is inserted into an artery and is connected to a electric monitoring system

Used to measure blood pressure or obtain blood samples

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30
Q

What is the gait characterization of Parkinson’s disease

A

Decreased stride length and velocity

Festering gait

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31
Q

What is kinesthésie

A

The ability of the body to recognize the direction and extent a body part is moving

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32
Q

What is the purpose of a PNF exercise

A

Used to assist in starting a movement pattern

Also allows a pt to understand the rate a movement should be at

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33
Q

What does the PR interval represent

A

Time required to conduct a signal from the SA node to the AV node

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34
Q

How is heart block characterized

A

First, second, third degree depending on how bad it is

3rd is the worst

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35
Q

What is heart block

A

a cardiovascular emergency that occurs when electrical signals cannot pass from the atria to the ventricles of the heart

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36
Q

What is the ecg characteristic of heart block

A

Prolonged PR interval greater the .2 seconds

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37
Q

What is an inverted r wave associated with

A

Myocardial infarction

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38
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

Blockage of the arteries that serve the heart

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39
Q

What does a weird QRS wave lead us to think

A

Premature vetricular contraction- the the ventricle contracts before its normal time

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40
Q

Angina vs myocardial ischemia

A

Angina - chest pain 2/2 myo inschemia

Myo ischemia- when the heart muscle does not get enough blood to function

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41
Q

What is resting pressure vs working pressure -compression therapy

A

Resting - compression extorted by the bandages when the pt is at rest

Working - compression extorted by the bandages when the muscles contract against it

42
Q

Long stretch bandages -compression therapy

A

High levels of extensibility (sig stretch) that provide great pressure while the pt is at rest

Not a lot of working pressure

For pt who need high resting pressure

43
Q

Short stretch bandages- compression therapy

A

Low levels of extensibility that provide great pressure when the pt is active

44
Q

Antiembolism stocking - compression therapy

A

Garments that provide low levels of compression

Used primarily to prevent DVT in immobile pts

Do not provide enough compression to reduce of control edema

45
Q

What is another name for short stretch compression bandages

A

Low stretch bandages

46
Q

What is the function of a posterior leaf spring orthosis

A

This resists plantar flexion at heel strike and swing phase

Prevents the foot from slapping and dragging

Indicated for weakness of the ankle DF

47
Q

Why does someone with weak PF not benefit from a pls orthodontic

A

The pt need adequate PF strength to overcome the resistance

An AFO would be better for this pt

48
Q

What is a bone scan

A

An invasive procedure used to provide info about bone structures - stress fracture, infection, cancer

49
Q

What is a fluoroscopy

A

Used to show motion within the body

This is a continuous X-ray beam

50
Q

What does a MRI show us

A

Cross sectional areas of the body

Most often used to look at soft tissue structures - muscles, meniscus, ligaments, tendons, tumors, internal organs

51
Q

What is the function of ultrasound

A

Non invasive procedure that uses sound waves to produce images of structures within the body

Also shows the movement of the structure

52
Q

What is semi Fowler position

A

Head of the bed elevated 45-deg and pillows under the knees for support and maintenance of the proper lumbar curve

53
Q

The right coranary art supplies what side of the heart

A

The right side

54
Q

The right coranary art supplies what side of the heart

A

The right side because it pumps deoxy blood to the lungs

55
Q

What part of the body does the left subclavian art serve

A

Branches off the aorta and serves mainly the left arm

56
Q

What does the ant descending art serve

A

This is a branch of the left coronary artery

Supplies blood to the ant portion of the left ventricle

57
Q

What is the most common area of myocardial infarction

A

The left anterior descending art

58
Q

What is de quiverians tenosynovistis normally 2/2

A

Inflammatory process involving the tendons and the synovium of the and pollius long and extensor pollisus brevis at the base of the thumb

Onset normally due to relative activities of thumb and and extension

59
Q

What test can be used to diagnose de quervians teno

A

Finklestien

60
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

Systolic - diastolic

Measures the force the heart generates each time it contracts
And
A measure of arterial stiffness

61
Q

What does residual limb mean

A

The remaining limb following a prosthesis

62
Q

What can happen if the residual limb is weak - prosthesis

A

This can cause the the prosthesis to move freely around and the femur

63
Q

What is a plavix (clopidogrel)

A

Anti thrombotic agent - inhibiting platelets formation and clot formation

Side effects: thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage

64
Q

What is warfarin

A

Anticoagulants agent - prevent platelets and thrombus formation

Side effects: increased risk of bleeding, hemmorage

65
Q

What is another name for warafarin

A

Coumadin

66
Q

What is simvastatin(zocor)

A

Antihyperlipidemia agent. Inhibits enzyme action in cholesterol breakdown. Inhibits beak down of LDLs. Increase HDLs

Side: HA, stomach upset, myalgia, skin rash

67
Q

What is the action of pectoral major

A

Add of arm and medial rotation of the shoulder

68
Q

What is emphysema

A

The alveoli of the lungs are damaged

Leads to shortness of breath

69
Q

What leads to an increase in lung sounds

A

An increase in lung density

70
Q

What is propafenone used for

A

Is indicated to alter conduction patterns of the heart

Side effects: n/v and symptoms of CHF

71
Q

What is Coumadin used for

A

Anticoagulants

Normally prescribes post surgically to prevent DVT

Side effects: brusing, bleeding, gi distress

72
Q

What Is fluvastatin used for

A

Lipid lowering medication - lowers LDLs, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides levels

Side effects: n/v, abd pain, increased liver enzymes, sleep disturbances, peri neuropathy

73
Q

What is furosemide used for

A

Diuretics medication

Increase the exertion of sodium and water to decrease BP and fluid retention

74
Q

What is the LLP of the huméral ulnar joint

A

70-degrees flex
10-degrees supination

75
Q

What is the OPP for the proximal ulnar radial joint

A

70-degrees flex
35-degrees supination

76
Q

What is the LLP for the huméral radial joint

A

Full ext and full sup

77
Q

What is the point of insentive spirometer

A

Uses visual or other feedback to encourage long slow deep inhalations

78
Q

Why are pt given compression garments following surgery

A

To prevent a DVT

79
Q

What is restrictive lung disease

A

Any condition that results in a restriction of lung volume and chest wall compliance

Can have pulmonary of extra pulmonary causes - scoliosis

80
Q

What is sarcoidosis

A

Systematic disease that is characterized by granulomatous inflammation throughout the body

Can progress to fibrous

81
Q

What are the two main conditions the make up COPD

A

emphasyma and chronic bronchitis

82
Q

What is the contract relax neuromuscular techniques used for

A

PNF tech used to increase the range of motion to one side of a joint

83
Q

What is an isotonic contraction

A

The tension remains the same while the muscle length changes

Can be either concentric or eccentric

84
Q

What is a concentric muscle contraction

A

Muscle length shortening

The muscle origin and insertion come closer together

85
Q

What is rhythmic initiation used for

A

Used to initiate movement when hypertonic exists

Movement is progressed from passive to AA to active

Movements are slow and rhythmic

86
Q

What is rhythmic stabilization used for

A

Increase rom and to coordinate isometric contractions

Requires contraction of all the muscle around the joint against progressive resistance

87
Q

What is the characteristic of a third def sprain

A

Involves the complete rupture or break in the continuity of the ligament

88
Q

What is the characteristic of a first degree sprain

A

Stretch of the ligament but not discontinuity

89
Q

What is the difference between sprain and strain

A

Sprain - injury to the ligament

Strain - injury to the muscle or tendon

90
Q

What does body composition mean

A

The relative percentage of body weight that is comprised of fat free tissue

91
Q

What are common anthropomorphic measurements

A

Height

Weight

BMI

Waist to hip ratio

Percentage of body fat

92
Q

What is bioélectricités impedance

A

Measures body composition using electrical current to determine the resistance or the opposition to current flow through the body

93
Q

What is hydrostatic weighing

A

Calculates the density of the body by putting a pt in water and measuring the amount the water gets displaced

This the gold standard for determining body composition

94
Q

What is skin fold measurement

A

Used to determine the overall percentage of body fat through measurements at 9 standard sites

Subcutaneous fat compared to overall body fat

95
Q

What is hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

96
Q

What is bronchiectasis

A

Characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation, of the bronchi and bronchioles

Caused by the destruction of the muscular and elastic portions of the bronchi walls

97
Q

What is the common clinical presentation of bronchiectasis

A

Cough
Mucopurlent septum
Fetid breath
Recurrent pulmonary infections
Recurrent hemoptysis

98
Q

What is fetid breath

A

Bad smelling breath

99
Q

What is mucopurlent discharge

A

Thick yellow or greenish liquid that contains mucus and pus

100
Q

What is mucopurlent discharge

A

Thick yellow or greenish liquid that contains mucus and pus

101
Q

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrous

A

Inflammation and eventual destruction of the aveolar walls

Decreased lung compliance - therefore this is a restrictive lung disease

Summer NPTE random (5 decks)

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