APP 1 Flashcards
What runs through the inguinal canal?
Round ligament in females
Spermatic cord in makes
Ilio-inguinal nerve
Genital branch of the Genito-inguinal nerve
What are attachments of the inguinal ligament?
ASIS, pubic tubercle
What passes under the inguinal ligament?
Belly of iliopsoas
Femoral nerve, artery and vein
What passes through the pelvic sacral foramina?
Anterior rami of S1 to S4
What passes through the dorsal sacral foramina?
Posterior rami of S1 to S4
What passes through the sacral canal?
Spinal cord enter through here
What passes through the sacral hiatus?
Spinal cord exits through here
What are the posterior abdominal muscles?
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Iliacus
Erector spinae (collection of muscle)
What are the origins and insertions of Quadratus lumborum?
Origin : posterior half of iliac crest + iliolumbar ligament
Insertions : inferior border of 12th rib + transverse processes of L1 + L5
What innervates the Quadratus lumborum?
Anterior rami of T12 + L1-L4
What are the origins and insertions of Psoas major?
Origin : transverse processes of L1 to L5 + intervertebra of T12 to L5
Insertions : iliopsoas fold back on itself to insert on lesser trochanter of femur
What innervates the Psoas major muscle?
Anterior rami of L1 to L3
What are the origins and insertions of iliacus?
Origin : iliac fossa
Insertions : iliopsoas runs under inguinal ligament, folds in on itself to insert on lesser trochanter of femur
What innervates the iliacus?
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
What innervates erector spinae?
Posterior rami
What are the major anterior abdominal muscles?
Rectus abdominis
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
What are the origins and insertions of rectus abdominis?
Origins : pubic crest + symphysis
Insertions : xiphoid process + 5th 6th 7th ribs
What are the origins and insertions of Transversus abdominis?
Origin : 7th -12th costal cartilages, lateral edge of thoracolumbar fascia
Insertions : linea alba, pubic crest + pecten of pubis
What are the origins and insertions of internal oblique?
Origin : thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Insertions : inferior margin of 10th to 12th rib + costal cartilage, linea alba, pecten
What are the origins and insertions of External Oblique?
Origin : External surface and inferior borders of 5th - 12th ribs
Insertions : ASIS, iliac crest, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba
What horizontal lines in the rectus abdominis called?
Tendinous intersections
What is the vertical line down the middle of rectus abdominis called?
Linea alba
What is the posterior rectus sheath made up of?
Transversus abdominis aponeurosis
1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis for first 3/4
What is the anterior rectus sheath made up of?
External oblique aponeurosis
1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis
What are the main features that differentiate Transversus abdominis from the rest?
More horizontal running fibres
Aponeurosis starts much more laterally than the others
What are the distinguishing features of internal oblique?
Fibres fan out from iliac crest going upwards towards top of body, slanting downwards towards the pubis at the end
What are the distinguishing features of the external oblique?
All muscle fibres point downwards into the body’s middle
Has a free border at the inguinal ligament
What innervates the rectus abdominis?
Anterior rami of T7-T12
What innervates the Transversus abdominis?
Anterior rami of T7-T12
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves (L1)
What innervates the internal oblique?
Anterior rami of T7-T12
Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves (L1)
What innervates the external oblique?
Anterior rami of T7-T12
