Apoptosis and necrosis Flashcards
What are the 4 phases of apoptosis»
induction, control and regulation, execution (by caspases), degradation
Apoptosis is carried out by what>
Caspases
What are the initiator caspases
8,9,10
what are the effector caspases
3,6,7
what are cellular substrates of caspases
IkB, PARP, DNA-PK, PK C, TF lamins, topoisomerases
What are intrinsic apoptosis triggers?
oxidative stress, cytosolic Ca2+ overload, ER stress, DNA damage
what is the intrinsic apoptosis pathway triggered by?
TP53 response to DNA damage and severe cell stress
How does TP53 respond to DNA damage/cell stress
translational upregulation of pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family (PUMA/BAX)
how is the extrinsic apoptosis pathway triggered?
through receptor activation (pro-apoptotic such as DR4/5) by ligands (apo2L/Trail or TNF-alpha)
How does the extrinisic pathway work>
recruitment of FADD which further moves to make DISC and then caspases 8 and 10 are released into the cytoplasm to activate 3,6 and 7
What is the different between type 1 and type 2 apoptotic cells?
in type 1 caspase works directly on caspase 3
In type 2, caspase 8 cleaves BID which then activates caspase 3
What are some important mediators of apoptosis
APAF1, DIABLO, IAP
BCL2 family
What is autophagy
associated with adaptation and survival
degradation of cellular components within dying cells
What is oncosis
ischemic cell death - cell swelling leading to necrosis
What is pyroptosis
bacterial response, dependent on caspase 1 (inflammasome) and inflammatory programmed response
