Apoptosis

Question 1

• Steps in necrosis? (4)
• What cleaves every few nucleosomes in apoptosis? What is moved to outer leaflet of plasma membrane to mark apop.? 3 steps to apoptosis?
• Easiest cells to kill? What kills them?
• Tough to kill cells?
• For every cell created? Implication?

Answer 1

1. ) Mitochondria swell and stop making ATP 2.) Ion pumps fail and cells swells and bursts 3.) Intense proinflammatory response 4.) macrophage pick ip debris
   - endonuclease; phophotidyl serine
2. ) Cell shrinks as DNA is cleaved and condenses 2.) Apoptotic bodies are released 3.) cells die in the phagocyte
   - Lymphocytes; A TF that induces destruction, not the weak radiation exposure
   - Fibroblasts
   - One must be destroyed; cancers blocking cell death are just as dangerous as increasing proliferation

Question 2

• Intrinsic pathway: Mitochondria membrane guarded by what? Of what family? Names? (2) Popapoptotic allow what to move in? (2) Which make way for? Of what family? What is then released? Next 3 steps?

Extrinsic Pathway: Cytotoxic T cells have FAS ligand bind to? Next three steps? What can compete with this process? Ex? (2)

Answer 2

• Anti apoptotic factors; BCL2 family; BCL2 and BXL2; Bim and Puma; Bak and Bax; BCL2 family; Cytochrome C; Apaf1 –> caspase 9 –> caspase 3

FAS CD95; FADD –> caspase 8 –> caspase 3; Flip can compete with caspase 8; Herpes makes a V-Flip; E coli makes an enzyme to disable caspase 8