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Haematology > Aplastic Anaemia > Flashcards

Aplastic Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Define Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Characterised by diminished haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow and deficiency of all blood cell elements (pancytopaenia)

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2
Q

What percentage of Aplastic Anaemia are caused by Idiopathic causes?

A

> 40%

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3
Q

What is the aetiology of Idiopathic Aplastic Anaemia?

A

May be due to destruction or suppression of stem cells via autoimmune mechanisms

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4
Q

What is the aetiology of Acquired Aplastic Anaemia?

A 
Drugs (e.g. chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, methotrexate)
Chemicals (e.g. benzene, DDT)
Radiation 
Viral infection (e.g. parvovirus B19)
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
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5
Q

What is the aetiology of Inherited Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Fanconi’s Anaemia

Dyskeratosis congenita

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6
Q

What is Dyskeratosis Congenita?

A

A rare progressive bone marrow failure syndrome

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7
Q

What is the epidemiology of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Annual incidence: 2-4/1,000,000

Slightly more common in males

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8
Q

What are the two onsets of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Can be both slow-onset (months) or rapid-onset (Days)

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9
Q

What are the anaemia-related symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Tiredness
Lethargy
Dyspnoea

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10
Q

What are the Thrombocytopaenia-related Symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Easy bruising
Bleeding gums
Epistaxis

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11
Q

What are the Leukopaenia Symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Increased frequency and severity of infections

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12
Q

What are the Anaemia signs of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Pallor

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13
Q

What are the Thrombocytopaenic signs of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Petechiae

Bruises

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14
Q

What are the Leukopaenic signs of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Multiple bacterial and fungal infections

No hepatomegaly, splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

What investigations do we do for Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Bloods
Blood Film
Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy
Fanconi’s Anaemia Investigations

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16
Q

What is the main Blood do we do for Aplastic Anaemia?

A

FBC

17
Q

What do we look for on the FBC for Aplastic Anaemia?

A 
Low Hb
Low platelets 
Low WCC
Normal MCV
Low or absent reticulocytes
18
Q

Why do we do a Blood Film for Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Exclude leukaemia (check for abnormal circulating WBCs)

19
Q

How do we investigate potential Fanconi’s Anaemia for Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Check for presence of increased chromosomal breakage in lymphocytes cultures in the presence of DNA cross-linking agents

Haematology (24 decks)

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