Apical measurements and volumes Flashcards
How does simpson’s calculate volume?
Using a sum of a series of parallel slices known as ‘discs’ from apex to base
What does the tracing of endocardial borders in AP2 and AP4 calculate?
EF - simpson’s biplane
What is the most commonly used measure of cardiac function?
EF
EF formula
(EDV-ESV)/EDV x 100
Is the LA volume measurement a bi-plane?
Yes - measured in AP4 and AP2
What is the upper limit of LA volume?
34
What should the variability of measurement between AP4 and AP2 left atrial length?
<5mm
In what view is RA volume measured?
AP4
Measurements of RA major and minor?
Major: < or equal to 5.3cm
Minor: < or equal to 4.4cm
What does TAPSE stand for?
Tricuspid Annulus Plane Systolic Excursion
Normal TAPSE measurement?
> 1.7cm
Where does the TAPSE measurement begin? (What wave on the ECG)?
R wave - end-diastole to end-systole
What view is RV RVID1 measured?
Modified AP4 in end-diastole
What is FAC and what does it measure?
Fractional Area Change which measures RV systolic function
How is RV systolic function measured?
FAC in both end-diastole and end-systole in AP4
What measurement indicates RV systolic dysfunction?
FAC or <35%
FAC reflects what components of RV contraction?
Longitudinal and radial
What are the biplane measurements?
LV volume and LA volume
What are the cut off measurements for LA volume?
Abnormal = >34
Mildly enlarged = 35-41
Mod = 41-48
Severe = >48
A patient has a LA volume of 45 mL, what is this classified as?
Moderate = 41-48
What is the current ASE recommended RA size quantification?
RA volume
In simpson’s biplane AP4 and AP2, what should the size in relation to one another be?
<10% different
If a female patient had a measurement of 4.3cm in her RVID1, would this be normal or abnormal?
It would be too large, normal range is 2.5-4.1cm
At what point in the cardiac cycle should the major and minor be measured?
End-systole: When the atria are at their largest diameter
What is an RV FAC measurement most closely related to?
RV EF
