Abnormal Spectral Doppler Flashcards
What factors are important to look at for abnormalities in spectral doppler?
- Timing
- Speed
- Intensity
- Shape and direction of blood flow
What does a higher signal with more echoes indicate?
A higher level of severity - more red blood cells are being pushed through either regurgitation or stenosis
How to decipher MV regurg and Ao stenosis?
MV regurg has a higher velocity, more rounded waveform, and occurs directly after the E and A waves.
Ao stenosis is more triangular shaped and lower velocity
What is IVRT and IVCT
IVRT - the time between Ao V closure and MV opening
IVCT - the time between MV closure and AoV opening
The fusion of the E’ and A’ wave can occur due to?
A higher heart rate
What will happen to the chamber if there is an increase in pressure and volume over time with regurgitation?
It will dilate
What will be seen in M-mode with MV stenosis?
There will be no E/A wave peaks
What is the cause of a ‘hockey stick’ appearance of the MV?
Stenotic MV due to rheumatic fever
What can be seen on 2D ultrasound with a stenotic valve?
- Thickened, hyperechoic valve
- Potentially dilated atrium
- Hypertrophy of ventricle - due to an increase in afterload
- Reduced valve excursion
When would you lose the diastasis period and see a merging of the E’ and A’ waves?
MV stenosis
What is RVSP usually used to determine?
Pulmonary hypertension
How to calculate RVSP? (V = Vmax)
4(v)^2 + RAP (taken from IVC measurement of collapsibility)
What will you see in an abnormal proximal aorta waveform?
Pan diastolic flow reversal
What will you see in an abnormal hepatic vein flow?
Systolic flow reversal with NO systolic forward flow
What pathology would you expect to see with an Ao root diameter of 5.2 cm?
Regurgitation due to the annuluses pulling apart
