api 578

Question 1

great NC is placing _____ in _____

Answer 1

CS / low alloy

Question 2

PMI should be considered by the_______depending upon the level of risk (probability and consequence of failure) based upon the potential damage mechanisms and damage rates associated with the installation of an unapproved high alloy during fabrication and installation.

Answer 2

owner/user

Question 3

Carbon steels with low silicon _____content can corrode at a greater rate than carbon steels with higher silicon ________ content when exposed to hydrogen‐free sulfidation conditions.

Answer 3

(Si < 0.10%) / (Si >0.10%)

Question 4

For higher-risk systems, the owner/user should consider the need for employing a ____extent of in-process and final examination (up to 100 %) rather than random sampling,

Answer 4

higher

Question 5

The _____ should also consider the need to conduct examinations after fabrication is complete at the point-of installation, to provide assurance that inadvertent substitutions did not occur

Answer 5

owner/user

Question 6

Mill test reports _____be considered a substitute for PMI

Answer 6

should not

Question 7

The owner/user or designee should specify the: (8)

Answer 7

a) extent of examination of new construction and existing assets, with consideration for the number of items to be examined;
b) acceptable method(s) of examination;
c) locations for examination, if applicable;
d) examination results acceptance criteria;
e) timing of examination in the work process;
f) process for managing material nonconformances;
g) qualification requirements for personnel performing PMI;
h) method of documenting/identifying items that are acceptable for service

Question 8

A higher degree of PMI should be conducted on materials supplied by stocking distributors due to the potential for ________

Answer 8

unapproved material substitutions as a result of frequent handling by a number of parties.

Question 9

If the owner/user elects to prioritize equipment or systems for the material verification program or needs to determine whether PMI is needed at all, the owner/user should consider the following:
(4)

Answer 9

a) Likelihood of unapproved material substitutions during previous projects and maintenance activities:
b) Consequences of a failure due to improper material being installed:
c) Reason for a specific material specification (i.e. corrosion resistance or product purity): This refers to the criticality of the material of choice.
d) Historical data relating to unapproved material substitutions: This may be related to previous experience with material nonconformities in the process unit/operating plant or within published information available within the company and industry

Question 10

Based on experience, some types of components can have a higher likelihood of unapproved substitution of a nonspecified material. This can provide a basis for prioritizing specific equipment in a given system or process unit. Examples are:

Answer 10

— warm-up and bypass lines on pumps or check valves;
— small bore piping (2 NPS and below);
— valves, valve assemblies, and valve bonnets, and removable devices such as rupture disks, spacer blinds, blind flanges, plugs, or ring joint gaskets;
— thermowells;
— bolting;
— piping as a part of a packaged system;
— components without recognized marking;
— process systems with history of frequent maintenance requirements;
— welds;
— threaded components

Question 11

It shall be the responsibility of the______ to evaluate maintenance systems so that material verification programs can be designed and implemented to effectively support the mechanical integrity needs of assets.

Answer 11

owner/user

Question 12

The _____ should establish a written procedure for the material verification program to be used for repair of assets during maintenance and turnaround activities

Answer 12

owner/user

Question 13

A material verification program should be ____applied to activities associated with receiving materials into a warehouse system.

Answer 13

directly

Question 14

PMI within the warehouse _____ be regarded as an alternative to PMI of the fabricated assets when PMI is specified

Answer 14

should not

Question 15

The primary methods include(2)

Answer 15

portable spectroscopy and laboratory chemical analysis

Question 16

Chemical spot testing is much _____ than the other field PMI methods, and interpretation is_____

Answer 16

slower / subjective.

Question 17

The chemical spot test is typically accomplished by electrochemically removing a minute_________it onto moistened filter paper.

Answer 17

amount of surface metal and depositing

Question 18

Resistivity Testing- principle employed in this test method is known as the __________(2). A heated junction of dissimilar metal is created when the heated probe [300 °F (150 °C)] and the metal being tested are in contact with each other.

Answer 18

Seebeck effect,

or thermoelectric principle.

Question 19

Techniques such as (4) ______are qualitative

Answer 19

eddy-current sorting,
electromagnetic alloy sorting,
triboelectric testing (e.g. ferrite meters), and thermoelectric testing

Question 20

portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers can be both________

Answer 20

qualitatively and quantitatively t

Question 21

Advancements in XRF technology, such as 50KV, X-ray tubes, and silica drift detectors (SDD), allow the user to detect light elements down to__________in steel substrates.

Answer 21

very low concentrations

Question 22

XRF analyzers are capable of detecting elements from magnesium (Mg) to Uranium (U) in the periodic tables. This excludes some of the important elements in carbon steels, such as (2)______

Answer 22

carbon and boron.

Question 23

The significant advantage of LIBS technology is its_______

Answer 23

wide element range

Question 24

In principle, LIBS can detect all elements, limited by the (3) ________of the spectrograph and detector. The LIBS technology also can provide low-level carbon analysis, which, in principle, enables LIBS to positively identify a wide range of ferrous alloys.
This technique gen

Answer 24

power of the laser
sensitivity and
wavelength range

Question 25

________should calibrate and/or verify the test equipment performance as specified by the equipment manufacturer. The PMI procedure should provide the _____________

Answer 25

Persons performing PMI

/ frequency interval for this calibration/verification.

Question 26

if any one of a representative sample is rejected,_____items of that inspection lot should be considered suspect. A more extensive inspection of the remaining lot should be considered.

Answer 26

all

Question 27

Alloy materials should be identified by their alloy designation or nominal composition. Examples of some acceptable identification methods are: (3)

Answer 27

a) color coding by alloy;
b) a low-stress stamp marking indicating that the test has been performed;
c) documentation showing both the PMI results and the PMI locations.

Question 28

If the owner/user’s documentation process requires physical marking of equipment components, it should specify one of the following: (2)
—

Answer 28

whether or not the marking system should remain legible for the expected life of the component without deterioration due to corrosion or elevated temperature;
— whether or not the marking system is only temporary to facilitate proper handling and identification from the point of PMI to final installation. This marking can be semi-permanent paint applied to each item. The markers should not contain additives such as metallic pigments (Al, Pb, or Zn), sulfur, or chlorides.

Question 29

When PMI is conducted on new or existing assets and systems, records of the results should be kept ____as the equipment exists in its original location.

Answer 29

as long

Question 30

Typical PMI records should contain the following:

7

Answer 30

— reference to the PMI procedure(s) used;
— date of testing;
— test instrument identification number or serial number, where appropriate;
— name of each person performing the tests, with identification of their respective employer;
— results of the tests
— basis and action for resolving and documenting PMI nonconformances, including those that have been left in service;
— documentation of the criteria used for prioritization of equipment or systems and extent of PMI performed

Question 31

longitudinally welded alloy pipe and fittings should receive PMI verification of the________

Answer 31

base metal and weld metal

Question 32

autogenous-welded it is necessary to conduct testing on

Answer 32

only the base metal.

Question 33

The owner/user should also consider the need to conduct examinations____ fabrication is complete at the point-of installation, to provide assurance that inadvertent substitutions did not occur

Answer 33

after

Question 34

____ can detect all elements?

Answer 34

LIBS