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APHUG FLASH CARDS > APHUG UNIT 3 VOCAB > Flashcards

APHUG UNIT 3 VOCAB Flashcards

1
Q

Acculturation

A

retaining your own culture within a minority community in a country but adapt to the majority culture.

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2
Q

Assimilation

A

the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas

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3
Q

Cultural adaptation

A

the process and time it takes a person to integrate into a new culture

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4
Q

Cultural core/periphery pattern

A

the core houses are the main economic power of a region and the periphery houses have lesser economic ties

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5
Q

Cultural ecology

A

the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments

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6
Q

Cultural identity

A

the identity of belonging to a group/`part of a person’s self-conception

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7
Q

Cultural landscape

A

a geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife

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8
Q

Cultural realm

A

a geographical region where cultural traits maintain

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9
Q

Culture

A

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group

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10
Q

Culture region

A

the aspects of culture associated with an ethnolinguistic group and the territory it inhabits

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11
Q

Formal culture region

A

an area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common (language, religion, etc.)

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12
Q

Functional culture region

A

an area that functions as a unit politically, socially, or economically

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13
Q

Vernacular culture region

A

a cultural region perceived to exist by its inhabitants

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14
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

the spread of an idea through a population where the amount of those influenced grows continuously larger

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15
Q

Hierarchial expansion diffusion

A

when a cultural trend is spread from one segment of society to another in a pattern

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16
Q

Contagious expansion diffusion

A

when a cultural trend is transmitted from person to person from an original source to numerous others

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17
Q

Stimulus expansion diffusion

A

when a cultural trend spreads but is changed by those adopting the idea

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18
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them

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19
Q

Innovation adoption

A

the entry of users into various categories, based on their willingness to accept new technology or an idea

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20
Q

Maladaptive diffusion

A

the adoption of diffusing traits that are not practical or reflective of a region’s environment or culture

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21
Q

Sequent occupance

A

the interaction of cultures over time within a single, shared space

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22
Q

Multiculturalism

A

the presence of several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society

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23
Q

Syncretism

A

the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought

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24
Q

Secularism

A

the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions

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25
Q

Taboo

A

a social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice

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26
Q

Sense of place

A

characterizes the relationship between people and spatial settings

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27
Q

Diaspora

A

the dispersion of the Jewish people beyond Israel

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28
Q

Cultural relativism

A

the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another

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29
Q

Custom

A

a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time

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30
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture

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31
Q

Creole

A

a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean

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32
Q

Dialect

A

a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group

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33
Q

Indo-European language

A

a large language family native to western and southern Eurasia

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34
Q

Isogloss

A

a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features

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35
Q

Language

A

the principal method of human communication

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36
Q

Language family

A

Language a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language

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37
Q

Language group

A

a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin

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38
Q

Language subfamily

A

a smaller group of related languages within a language family

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39
Q

Lingua franca

A

a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

40
Q

Linguistic diversity

A

a specific measure of the density of language

41
Q

Mutually intelligible

A

a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other

42
Q

Monolingual/multilangual

A

the use of more than one language

43
Q

Official language

A

a language given a special status in a particular country

44
Q

Pidgin

A

a grammatically simplified means of communication

45
Q

Toponym

A

a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature

46
Q

Trade language

A

A language used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade

47
Q

Animism

A

the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence

48
Q

Buddhism

A

a non-theistic religion also considered a philosophy and a moral discipline, originating in India

49
Q

Branch

A

a large and fundamental division within a religion

50
Q

Cargo cult

A

a belief system in which adherents practice rituals which they believe will cause a more technologically advanced society to deliver goods

51
Q

Christianity

A

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

52
Q

Confucianism

A

a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China

53
Q

Ethnic religion

A

a religion or belief associated with a particular ethnic group

54
Q

Exclave/enclave

A

a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state/may exist within territorial waters

55
Q

Fundamentalism

A

a form of a religion that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture

56
Q

Geomancy

A

a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil, rocks, or sand

57
Q

Hajj

A

an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia

58
Q

Hinduism

A

an Indian religion and dharma

59
Q

Interfaith boundaries

A

the boundaries between the world’s major religions

60
Q

Islam

A

a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah

61
Q

Sunni Islam

A

the largest denomination of Islam

62
Q

Shia Islam

A

one of the two main branches of Islam

63
Q

Jainism

A

a nontheistic religion founded in India as a reaction against the teachings of orthodox Brahmanism

64
Q

Judaism

A

an ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people

65
Q

Landscapes of the dead

A

the certain areas where people have commonly been buried

66
Q

Monotheism/polytheism

A

a religion that worships a single deity/divides the supernatural forces of the universe between many gods

67
Q

Mormonism

A

a religious group that embrace concepts of Christianity as well as revelations made by their founder

68
Q

Pilgrimage

A

a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place

69
Q

Proselytic religion

A

a religion that seeks converts and to become a global or universal religion

70
Q

Reincarnation

A

the rebirth of a soul in a new body

71
Q

Religious architectural styles

A

a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space

72
Q

Religious conflict

A

a conflict primarily caused or justified by differences in religion

73
Q

Religious toponym

A

the origin and meaning of the names of religions

74
Q

Sacred space

A

the place where religious figures and congregations meet to perform religious ceremonies

75
Q

Shamanism

A

a religious practice that involves a practitioner, a shaman, who is believed to interact with a spirit world through altered states of consciousness

76
Q

Sharia law

A

a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition

77
Q

Shintoism

A

a polytheistic belief system involving the veneration of many deities

78
Q

Sikhism

A

an Indian religion related to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism

79
Q

Taoism

A

a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety

80
Q

Theocracy

A

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God

81
Q

Universalizing

A

giving a universal character

82
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster

83
Q

Adaptive strategies

A

describes a society’s system of economic production

84
Q

Anglo-American landscape characteristics

A

an American, whose language and ancestry are English

85
Q

Built environment

A

the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity

86
Q

Folk culture

A

a culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups

87
Q

Material culture

A

the aspect of social reality grounded in the objects and architecture that surround people

88
Q

Nonmaterial culture

A

the abstract ideas and ways of thinking that make up a culture

89
Q

Popular culture

A

culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite

90
Q

Survey systems

A

the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, or divide, real property for sale and settling

91
Q

Traditional architecture

A

a dynamic concept that has changed over the years addressing the many existing issues of housing in our society

92
Q

Dowry

A

property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage

93
Q

Enfranchisement

A

the giving of a right or privilege

94
Q

Gender

A

the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity

95
Q

Gender gap

A

the discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women

96
Q

Infanticide

A

the crime of killing a child within a year of birth

APHUG FLASH CARDS (2 decks)

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