APHUG UNIT 3 VOCAB Flashcards
Acculturation
retaining your own culture within a minority community in a country but adapt to the majority culture.
Assimilation
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas
Cultural adaptation
the process and time it takes a person to integrate into a new culture
Cultural core/periphery pattern
the core houses are the main economic power of a region and the periphery houses have lesser economic ties
Cultural ecology
the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments
Cultural identity
the identity of belonging to a group/`part of a person’s self-conception
Cultural landscape
a geographic area, including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife
Cultural realm
a geographical region where cultural traits maintain
Culture
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group
Culture region
the aspects of culture associated with an ethnolinguistic group and the territory it inhabits
Formal culture region
an area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common (language, religion, etc.)
Functional culture region
an area that functions as a unit politically, socially, or economically
Vernacular culture region
a cultural region perceived to exist by its inhabitants
Expansion diffusion
the spread of an idea through a population where the amount of those influenced grows continuously larger
Hierarchial expansion diffusion
when a cultural trend is spread from one segment of society to another in a pattern
Contagious expansion diffusion
when a cultural trend is transmitted from person to person from an original source to numerous others
Stimulus expansion diffusion
when a cultural trend spreads but is changed by those adopting the idea
Relocation diffusion
when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them
Innovation adoption
the entry of users into various categories, based on their willingness to accept new technology or an idea
Maladaptive diffusion
the adoption of diffusing traits that are not practical or reflective of a region’s environment or culture
Sequent occupance
the interaction of cultures over time within a single, shared space
Multiculturalism
the presence of several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society
Syncretism
the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought
Secularism
the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions
Taboo
a social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice
Sense of place
characterizes the relationship between people and spatial settings
Diaspora
the dispersion of the Jewish people beyond Israel
Cultural relativism
the idea that a person’s beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another
Custom
a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time
Ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture
Creole
a person of mixed European and black descent, especially in the Caribbean
Dialect
a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group
Indo-European language
a large language family native to western and southern Eurasia
Isogloss
a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features
Language
the principal method of human communication
Language family
Language a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language
Language group
a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin
Language subfamily
a smaller group of related languages within a language family
Lingua franca
a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
Linguistic diversity
a specific measure of the density of language
Mutually intelligible
a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other
Monolingual/multilangual
the use of more than one language
Official language
a language given a special status in a particular country
Pidgin
a grammatically simplified means of communication
Toponym
a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature
Trade language
A language used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade
Animism
the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence
Buddhism
a non-theistic religion also considered a philosophy and a moral discipline, originating in India
Branch
a large and fundamental division within a religion
Cargo cult
a belief system in which adherents practice rituals which they believe will cause a more technologically advanced society to deliver goods
Christianity
the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Confucianism
a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China
Ethnic religion
a religion or belief associated with a particular ethnic group
Exclave/enclave
a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state/may exist within territorial waters
Fundamentalism
a form of a religion that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture
Geomancy
a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil, rocks, or sand
Hajj
an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Hinduism
an Indian religion and dharma
Interfaith boundaries
the boundaries between the world’s major religions
Islam
a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah
Sunni Islam
the largest denomination of Islam
Shia Islam
one of the two main branches of Islam
Jainism
a nontheistic religion founded in India as a reaction against the teachings of orthodox Brahmanism
Judaism
an ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people
Landscapes of the dead
the certain areas where people have commonly been buried
Monotheism/polytheism
a religion that worships a single deity/divides the supernatural forces of the universe between many gods
Mormonism
a religious group that embrace concepts of Christianity as well as revelations made by their founder
Pilgrimage
a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place
Proselytic religion
a religion that seeks converts and to become a global or universal religion
Reincarnation
the rebirth of a soul in a new body
Religious architectural styles
a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space
Religious conflict
a conflict primarily caused or justified by differences in religion
Religious toponym
the origin and meaning of the names of religions
Sacred space
the place where religious figures and congregations meet to perform religious ceremonies
Shamanism
a religious practice that involves a practitioner, a shaman, who is believed to interact with a spirit world through altered states of consciousness
Sharia law
a religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition
Shintoism
a polytheistic belief system involving the veneration of many deities
Sikhism
an Indian religion related to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism
Taoism
a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety
Theocracy
a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God
Universalizing
giving a universal character
Zoroastrianism
monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster
Adaptive strategies
describes a society’s system of economic production
Anglo-American landscape characteristics
an American, whose language and ancestry are English
Built environment
the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity
Folk culture
a culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
Material culture
the aspect of social reality grounded in the objects and architecture that surround people
Nonmaterial culture
the abstract ideas and ways of thinking that make up a culture
Popular culture
culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite
Survey systems
the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, or divide, real property for sale and settling
Traditional architecture
a dynamic concept that has changed over the years addressing the many existing issues of housing in our society
Dowry
property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage
Enfranchisement
the giving of a right or privilege
Gender
the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity
Gender gap
the discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women
Infanticide
the crime of killing a child within a year of birth
