APHUG Chapter 19 Flashcards
Functional Zonation
the division of the city into certain regions. (zones) for certain purposes (functions)
Central Business district
where a large amount of businesses are located
Concentric Zone Model
A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development.
Burgess Model
a city model that proposes that cities grow outward from a central area in concentric rings with distinct land use patterns.
Sector Model
The Hoyt Sector Model uses pie-shaped wedges to illustrate his theory of land use and the CBD is at the center of the urban area.
Hoyts Model
l suggests that people will live in the different sectors based on income levels
Multiple Nuclei Model
a city that does not have one central area, but instead has several nodes that act as regional centers for economic or residential activity within one larger city
Peripheral Model
describes how economic, political, and social conditions influence spatial patterns in urban areas
Galactic city
a city with growth independent of the CBD that is traditionally connected to the central city by means of an arterial highway or interstate.
Edge cities
It refers to a type of city that has arisen very recently in a comparatively short space of time. The city exists on the fringes of a larger city and acts as a regional hub for recreation
Griffen-Ford model
a model used in urban geography to analyze the spatial layout of cities. It examines the relationship between land use and transportation accessibility.
Zone of Transition
low-quality housing that is close in proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Commercial Business District
Spine
a linear corridor or axis that runs through the center or core area of a city.
Mall
an area that grows along a spine and is filled with restaurants, parks, theaters, etc.
Periferico
uter ring of a Latin American city, characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and shantytowns
Shantyowns
areas of poorly built housing
Favelas
neighborhoods where extreme poverty is common (also known as barrios)
Disamenity Zones
areas not connected to city services, usually controlled by drug lords and/or gangs
Traditional CBD
CBD that existed before European colonization
Colonial CBD
CBD was established by empires in their colonies
Informal Economy Zone
stall-based businesses sell goods without formal regulations
Periodic Markets
small scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly to sell goods
Informal settlements
areas of a city without planning, usually insufficient water and public transport or other services
Squatter Settlemets
parts of a city where people reside wherever they can find space, usually due to a rapid influx of people
Mosque
Muslim place of worship
Citadel
a fort designed to protect the city, usually found in Islamic communities
Suqs
market streets, found typically in Middle Eastern countries
McGee Model
Southeast Asian city model, where the port is the focal point of the city
Zone Ordinances
regulations that define what buildings can be built in certain areas
Urban Planning
process of promoting growth and controlling how land is used
Residential zones
areas devoted to where people live
Residential Density Gradient
population density declines as you move out from a city
Filtering
houses pass from one social group to another
Invasion and Succession
where one ethnic/social group replaces another
Gated communities
planned suburban areas where the access is controlled
Big-Box Retail
large commercial stores, such as Walmart and Target
Suburbanization of Business
movement of commerce out to the suburbs
Municipal
local government in a town/city
Annexation
adding land to a city’s territory
Incorporation
legally joining together to form a city
Bedroom Communities
a commuter suburb
Consolidation
one or more elements of government are handled jointly across municipalities
Special Districts
area of a city that solves a special need (ex. public transport)
Unincorporated Area
areas that do not fall within the legal boundary of a city or municipality
Census Tracts
geographic region that forms the basis of the census
Census Block
small subdivision in a census tract
Social Area Analysis
analyzing data about cities, such as crime, pollution, etc.
