Aphasia profiles - Syndrome/General Flashcards
fluent types of aphasia
- anomic
- conduction
- transcortical sensory
- Wernike’s
nonfluent types of aphasia
- Broca’s
- Transcortical motor
- Global
- Severe mixed nonfluent
Global aphasia main features
- all aspects of lang impaired
- sterotyped utterences (usually well articulated)
- comprehension for personal information may be good compared to formal testing
(-) Naming
(-)Fluency
(-)Aud comp
(-) repetition
Broca’s main features
- awkward articulation
- limited vocab
- agrammatism
- relative preservation of aud comp
- reading comp mildly impaired
(-) Naming
(-) fluency
(+) Aud comp
(-) repetition
Transcortical motor main features
- repetition relatively intact
- aud comprehension is relatively spared
- other production abilities impaired
- word finding difficulties variable across patients
- Presevation of memorized material
(-) Naming
(-) Fluency
(+/-) aud comp
(+) repetition
Wernicke’s main features
- impaired aud comp
- fluent arctic and preserved syntax
- speech contains all kinds of paraphasias
- reading comp impaired
(-) Naming
(+) fluency
(-) aud comp
(-) rep
Conduction main features
- repetition is impaired
- many phonemic paraphasias (hallmark feature)
- fluency only mildly impaired
- aud is a relative strength, although mildly impaired
- speech main contain “conduit d’approche” or “conduit d’escart”
(-) Naming
(+) Fluency
(+ relatively) aud comp
(-) rep
anomic main features
- word finding difficulty
- fluent articulation and preserved syntax
- relative preservation of and comp
- may see circumlocutions
- reading & writing impairments
(-) naming
(+) fluency
(+) aud comp
(+) repetition
transcortical sensory main features
- preservation of rep…otherwise just like Wernicke’s
(-) Naming
(+) fluency
(-) aud comp
(+) repetition
neuro in Global
large portion of the perisylvian association cortex
neuro in broca’s
Brodmann areas 44 & 45 – adjacent inferior aspects of pre-central gyrus
neuro in transcortical motor
outside of Broca’s area…ant superior frontal lobe and deep portions of the L frontal lobe
neuro in Wernicke’s
posterior half of the 1st temporal gyrus and adjacent cortex
neuro in anomic
multiple sites
neuro in transcortical sensory
inferior partial connection parietal and temporal lobe —- white matter tracts connecting parietal lobe to temporal lobe or in the parietal lobe
main components to consider in the syndrome approach
NFAR
naming, fluency, aud comp, rep
in the syndrome approach —- what to look at 1st/2nd?
naming
conversational speech & narrative discourse
test of aud comp
test of repetition
verbal paraphasia
real word but unrelated to the word that you are trying to say (e.g., “table” for book)
semantic paraphasia
word that is categorically related “Table” for chair
phonemic paraphasia (aka literal paraphasia)
“mable” for table – phonemically related
neologistism
a remote relationship — or a made up word (e.g. “shay” for table)
verbal sterotypes
pt will produce involuntary phrases repeatedly
types of central dyslexias
- surface dyslexia
- phonological dyslexia
- direct dyslexia
- semantic access dyslexia
- deep dyslexia
surrface dyslexia
- can use GPC’s
- very good at reading non words
- cant read exception or irregular words
- produce regularization errors
- understand regular words but not exception
phonological dyslexia
- can not use GPC’s …can only read via semantic and whole word
- very poor at reading non words
- can read exception or irregular words
- often problem reading function words and bound morphemes
- often read non words as visually similar real words
direct dyslexia
- semantic problem
- can read words aloud but not understand them
- may show priming effects suggesting some access to meaning
semantic access dyslexia
- very poor reading of words
- lesion between the VIL and the semantics
- some knowledge of words can not read
- may activate correct input in visual input lexicon but can’t activate precise semantic entry or can’t bring t consciousness
deep dyslexia
- like phonological dyslexia … can’t use GPC route
- cant read non words
- make semantic errors (cost for money)
- worse at abstract words than cornet
- visual errors
- errors on function words
2 types of spelling impairements
- phonological agraphia
2. surface agraphia
phonological agraphia
- cant use the PGC route
- can not spell non words
- may not be able to produce letter associated with a sound
- must generate spelling from meaning
surface agraphia
- can use PGC route
- can spell non words
- cannot use direct lexical route
- most errors on words with irregular spellings
- errors tend to be regularization
- frequency effect for irregular words
fluent vs nonfluent
–look at the longest 3 utterances
5 words or more is fluent
& do they use verbs? (fluents use more verbs)
**Helm-Estabrooks
agrammatic
lacks inflectional markers, prepositions, auxillaries, verbs, copulas
-telegraphic speech-less severe
–usually nonfluent
paragrammatic
-unsystematic omission and substitution of grammatical morphemes, nouns, verbs, adjectives
–usulayy fluent
Expected number for verbal fluency task
Same letter category:
Animals:
Letters: 40
Animals: 20
—-Tombough et al
