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Clinical Neuropsych > Aphasia and Anomia > Flashcards

Aphasia and Anomia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dominant hemipshere for language?

A
  • LEFT (Wernicke-Geschwind Model of Language)
  • some individuals have BILATERAL functioning
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2
Q

Where can we find Broca’s area in the brain?

A
  • Posterior inferior frontal lobe (bottom back of frontal)
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3
Q

What is the main function of Broca’s area?

A
  • Language production
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4
Q

Location and function of the Motor Cortex

A
  • Precentral Gyrus
  • Controls movement of lips and mouth
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5
Q

Location of function of Wernicke’s area

A
  • Superior posterior temporal lobe (upper back of temporal)
  • Language comprehension
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6
Q

Location and function of the Arcuate Fasciculus

A
  • Neural fibers connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
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7
Q

Location and function of Angular gyrus

A
  • Inferior parietal lobe
  • Involved in visual processing of language (writing)
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8
Q

Which artery supplies language centers?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)!

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9
Q

Anomic Aphasia

A
  • difficulty spontaneously trying to find words, especially low frequency words
  • FLUENT aphasia
  • best prognosis
  • seen in frontal lobe injuries as well as angular gyrus
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10
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A
  • FLUENT aphasia
  • maintains sentence structure with malpropisms, neologisms, and proper words but agrammatic speech
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11
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A
  • FLUENT aphasia
  • decent comprehension and more meaningful speech BUT poor repitition and naming
  • damange to arcuate fasciculus
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12
Q

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

A
  • NONFLUENT
  • good repetition, okay conversation and naming
  • marked by poor motor initiation so speech must be coaxed out and is limited in content. but understandable
  • injury to motor cortex and the cingulate gyrus (initiation of behaviors)
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13
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A
  • NONFLUENT
  • speech is halting and barren, but comprehensible
  • usually missing verbs, adjectives, and morphologies
  • comprehension is usually good
  • expression issues
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14
Q

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia

A
  • NONFLUENT
  • “isolation syndrome”
  • can repeat words
  • poor comprehension for repeated words, and do not understand what is being said to them or what they are saying
  • damage to both motor and sensory cortices
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15
Q

Global Aphasia

A
  • NONFLUENT
  • large damage to whole language area
  • spontaneous language- limited grunts and noises
  • no comprehension, no naming, no repetition
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16
Q

What percentage of aphasias are caused by CVAs?

A

85%

17
Q

What fraction of CVAs result in some form of aphasia?

A

1/3

18
Q

Why is increasing age associated with Wernike’s and Global aphasias?

A
  • brain tissue is more likely to be permanently damaged with old age
19
Q

Prognosis of aphasia

A

Worse the comprehension, worse the prognosis.

20
Q

Worst prognosis

A

Wernicke’s and Global

21
Q

Best prognosis

A

Broca’s and Anomic

22
Q

What is cognitive remediation?

A
  • repetitive simple activities with increasing complexity
  • letter sequencing, word sequencing, sentence sequencing
  • picture/word matching, nonverbal problem solving
  • use of computers.ipads etc to aid in communication
23
Q

Apraxia

A
  • planning, articulating issues
  • difficulty iniciating words
24
Q

What crainial nerves effect speech production?

A
  • facial
  • hypoglossal
  • trigeminal
  • glossopharyngeal
  • vagus
25
Q

Agnosia

A
  • inability to preceive sensory input despite the senory input being received
  • can occur in any sensory domain
26
Q

Visual Agnosia

A
  • inability to name or identify objects in a visual field
  • boston naming test
    *
27
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A
  • cannot name, point to, draw, copy, or mark objects
  • usually bilateral occipital injury
28
Q

Associative Agnosia

A
  • Can draw, copy, match, and ocasionally name when described
29
Q

Prosppagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

30
Q

Anopsia

A
  • not being able to see out of a field of vision due to direct damage to sensory pathway
31
Q

Agnosia Treatment

A
  • compensation- using aids to make up for deficits
  • OBJECT agnosia- labels if reading is intact
  • tactile cuing
  • OT- identify toothbrush by feel, and location in the bathroom

Clinical Neuropsych (5 decks)

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