Aphasia and Anomia Flashcards
What is the dominant hemipshere for language?
- LEFT (Wernicke-Geschwind Model of Language)
- some individuals have BILATERAL functioning
Where can we find Broca’s area in the brain?
- Posterior inferior frontal lobe (bottom back of frontal)
What is the main function of Broca’s area?
- Language production
Location and function of the Motor Cortex
- Precentral Gyrus
- Controls movement of lips and mouth
Location of function of Wernicke’s area
- Superior posterior temporal lobe (upper back of temporal)
- Language comprehension
Location and function of the Arcuate Fasciculus
- Neural fibers connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
Location and function of Angular gyrus
- Inferior parietal lobe
- Involved in visual processing of language (writing)
Which artery supplies language centers?
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)!
Anomic Aphasia
- difficulty spontaneously trying to find words, especially low frequency words
- FLUENT aphasia
- best prognosis
- seen in frontal lobe injuries as well as angular gyrus
Wernicke’s Aphasia
- FLUENT aphasia
- maintains sentence structure with malpropisms, neologisms, and proper words but agrammatic speech
Conduction Aphasia
- FLUENT aphasia
- decent comprehension and more meaningful speech BUT poor repitition and naming
- damange to arcuate fasciculus
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
- NONFLUENT
- good repetition, okay conversation and naming
- marked by poor motor initiation so speech must be coaxed out and is limited in content. but understandable
- injury to motor cortex and the cingulate gyrus (initiation of behaviors)
Broca’s Aphasia
- NONFLUENT
- speech is halting and barren, but comprehensible
- usually missing verbs, adjectives, and morphologies
- comprehension is usually good
- expression issues
Mixed Transcortical Aphasia
- NONFLUENT
- “isolation syndrome”
- can repeat words
- poor comprehension for repeated words, and do not understand what is being said to them or what they are saying
- damage to both motor and sensory cortices
Global Aphasia
- NONFLUENT
- large damage to whole language area
- spontaneous language- limited grunts and noises
- no comprehension, no naming, no repetition
What percentage of aphasias are caused by CVAs?
85%
What fraction of CVAs result in some form of aphasia?
1/3
Why is increasing age associated with Wernike’s and Global aphasias?
- brain tissue is more likely to be permanently damaged with old age
Prognosis of aphasia
Worse the comprehension, worse the prognosis.
Worst prognosis
Wernicke’s and Global
Best prognosis
Broca’s and Anomic
What is cognitive remediation?
- repetitive simple activities with increasing complexity
- letter sequencing, word sequencing, sentence sequencing
- picture/word matching, nonverbal problem solving
- use of computers.ipads etc to aid in communication
Apraxia
- planning, articulating issues
- difficulty iniciating words
What crainial nerves effect speech production?
- facial
- hypoglossal
- trigeminal
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
