APGovCh.3.Jimmy.Dimas Flashcards
Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth president of the United States, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861- 1865. Lincoln, who led the Union during the Civil War, was assassinated in 1865 by a Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth.
Andrew Johnson
Seventeenth president of the Unite States, a Republican, who served from 1865 to 1869. Johnson had served as Abraham Lincoln’s vice president and became president after Lincoln’s assassination.
Barack Obama
The first African American president of the United States, a Democrat, who served as forty-fourth president from 2009-2017. Senator from Illinois from 2005-2008; member of the Illinois Senate from 1997-2004.
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
Supreme Court ruling that, before the Civil War, limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not to the states.
Bill of Attainder
A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial.
Block Grant
A large grant give to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines.
Calvin Coolidge
Thirtieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1923 to 1929.
Categorical Grants
Grants that appropriate federal funds to states for a specific purpose.
Civil War
The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United States between the Northern forces of the Union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war.
Charter
A document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of local government. Charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures.
Concurrent Powers
Powers shared by the national and state governments.
Confederate States of America
The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union victory.
Confederation
Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states.
Cooperative Federalism
The intertwined relationship between national, state, and local governments that began with the New Deal; often referred to as marble-cake federalism.
Counties
The basic administrative units of local government.
Democracy
A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives.
Dillon’s Rule
A premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans.
Dual Federalism
The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism.
Enumerated Powers
The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution.
Ex post facto law
Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed.
Extradition Clause
Part of Article IV of the Constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial.